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It starts with steam cracking of oil or reforming of natural gas to get a compound called Ethylene (C2H4) which is the first precursor chemical neeeded. Benzene is also used and is extracted from crude oil by catalytic action on a particular fraction of the oil stream. Benzene and Ethylene are combined to make Ethylbenzene Ethylbenzene is mixed with hot steam on a catalytic bed to make Styrene Then an initiator like benzoyl peroxide (very similar chemical to the catalyst that you mix to make Bondo putty with) is mixed with the Styrene which starts a reaction which is called a free radical polymerization which basically puts all those light gas bubbles in the liquid styrene and also causes it to turn to a solid

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