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"When the product of a particular gene is needed, the portion of the DNA molecule that contains that gene splits, and a complementary strand of RNA, called messenger RNA (mRNA), forms and then passes to ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. A second type of RNA, transfer RNA (tRNA), matches up the mRNA with specific amino-acid, which combine in series to form polypeptide chains, the building blocks of proteins."
So basically, its the gene that starts the whole thing. "Gene" is my final answer.
What else can I help you with?
Proteins with more than one polypeptide chain have what structure?
Proteins with more than one polypeptide chain have a quaternary structure. This structure is formed by the assembly of multiple polypeptide chains into a functional protein complex. The interactions between the individual polypeptide chains contribute to the overall structure and function of the protein.
What bonds hold together a polypeptide?
A polypeptide is held together by covalent peptide bonds, which are formed through a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another. These covalent bonds create the primary structure of a protein.
A long chain of amino acids?
A long chain of amino acids forms a protein. The sequence of amino acids determines the structure and function of the protein. Proteins carry out essential functions in the body, such as enzymatic activity, structural support, and transport of molecules.
What do you call the covalent bond that hold amino acids together?
The covalent bond that holds amino acids together is called a peptide bond. This bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid through a dehydration synthesis reaction.
What are the names for the monomers and polymers of nucleic acids?
monomer = amino acidpolymer = polypeptide (= polypeptide chain)A monomer is one unit in a chain of repeating units. Amino acids are assembled in cells into chains called polypeptides.A protein may consist of just one polypeptide, or more than one. For example, human growth hormone has only one chain, but hemoglobin has four.
Can you build another polypeptide chain using the same mRNA?
One mRNA copy can be used to make multiple polypeptides.
Relationship between one gene and one polypeptide?
One gene codes for (or provides the recipe) for the creation of one polypeptide through transcription and translation.
What is a linear stretch of DNA that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide?
A linear stretch of DNA that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is called a gene. The primary function of DNA ligase is to seal new short stretches of nucleotides into one continuous strand.
What does the one gene-one polypeptide state?
The one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis states that each gene is responsible for producing one specific polypeptide, which is a chain of amino acids that forms a protein. However, this hypothesis has been modified to the one gene-one protein hypothesis because some genes code for non-protein products like RNA molecules.
What is polypeptide chains?
Chains of amino acids are referred to as polypeptides. Proteins are created from one or more of these polypeptide molecules.
Proteins with more than one polypeptide chain have what structure?
Proteins with more than one polypeptide chain have a quaternary structure. This structure is formed by the assembly of multiple polypeptide chains into a functional protein complex. The interactions between the individual polypeptide chains contribute to the overall structure and function of the protein.
How many ribosomes are needed for the production of a polypeptide containing thirty amino acids?
One ribosome is needed to synthesize a polypeptide containing thirty amino acids. The ribosome reads the mRNA and assembles the amino acids into a polypeptide chain according to the codons on the mRNA.
What is the job of a gene?
A gene codes for one type of polypeptide (protein).
Do proteins consist of one or more polypeptide chains?
Think they do consist
What is the one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis?
The one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis is an idea in an attempt to fix the one gene-one protein hypothesis (previously one gene-one enzyme hypothesis) after scientists realized that proteins can be made up by more than one polypeptide chain and that each polypeptide chain is specified by its own gene. An example would be a protein like hemoglobin, the oxygen transporting protein of vertebrate blood cells. Hemoglobin is made up of two kinds of polypeptides. Because of the two polypeptide chains, hemoglobin is made up of two genes. While this hypothesis was an improvement, it wasn't entirely true. While the example is true, the fact of the matter is, eukaryotes are much more complex than 1940s (around the time that Tatum and Beadle first came up with the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis ) technology allowed for scientists to understand. There is a step in RNA processing or post-transcriptional modification where parts of the transcribed gene is cut out (the cut out part is called the intron). Because of this mechanism, it is possible for a single gene to create more than 1 polypeptide.
Why was the one gene one protein hypothesis altered to one gene one polypeptide hypothesis?
Because one gene codes for one polypeptide and some proteins are made of more than one polypeptide and stuck together after translation of the genes that code for these polypeptides. Not sure if there ever was a one gene one protein hypothesis or if its just something they teach in schools to avoid overcomplicating things.
When a polypeptide is folded it is called what?
When a polypeptide is folded into its three-dimensional structure, it is referred to as a protein. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide chains that have folded into a specific conformation to perform their biological functions.
