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Atomic Mass is equal to the number of protons + neutrons present in the nuclide. The atomic number is defined as the number of protons in the nuclide. Therefore to find the number of neutrons use the formula:

atomic mass = #protons + # neutrons

solving for # of neutrons you get:

# neutrons = atomic mass - # protons

plug in the given values:

#neutrons = 31 - 15

# neutrons = 16

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Well phosphorous always has 15 protons and even in different isotopes of an element the proton (atomic) number will be the same..So even in phosphorous-32, there are 15 protons.. If it is phosphorous-32 then the total of the protons and the neutrons is 32.. 15 protons...So to get the number of neutrons do 32 minus 15 = 7 neutrons.. Just to note, the number of electrons is of course the same as the number of protons so it is 15


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