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Proteins are made up of amino acids.

If you want to know more, an amino acid is made of

an amino group

an R group (side chain)

a carboxylic acid group,

and a central carbon

These form hyrdogen (weak) bonds with one another, creating the four (primary, secondary, tertiary, and qauternary) structures of a protein. The many hydrogen bonds make a protein structure strong, but are mostly irreversibly destroyed by factors such as extreme heat. The active proteins are in tertiary and quaternary structure. There are 20 different amino acids.

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