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The specific heat capacity (cp) of a substance measures the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the substance by 1 degree Celsius, while the molar heat capacity (cv) measures the heat needed to raise the temperature of one mole of the substance by 1 degree Celsius. The relationship between cp and cv is given by the equation cp cv R, where R is the gas constant. The number of degrees of freedom (nr) in a system is related to the molar heat capacity through the equation cv (nr/2)R. This means that the molar heat capacity is directly proportional to the number of degrees of freedom in the system.

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