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What is the process to calculate the specific rotation of a compound?
To calculate the specific rotation of a compound, you need to measure the observed rotation of a solution of the compound in a polarimeter, and then use the formula: specific rotation observed rotation / (concentration x path length). The observed rotation is the angle of rotation measured in degrees, the concentration is the concentration of the compound in the solution in g/mL, and the path length is the length of the polarimeter tube in decimeters.
Which laboratory equipment would most likely be used for testing a substance for the presence of monosaccharides?
A polarimeter or a refractometer would most likely be used for testing a substance for the presence of monosaccharides. These instruments can measure the rotation of polarized light or refractive index, which can help identify the presence of monosaccharides in a solution.
What type of measurement can be used to differentiate between sodium chloride and sugar when dissolved in water?
One way to differentiate between sodium chloride and sugar when dissolved in water is by measuring the electrical conductivity of the solution. Sodium chloride dissociates into ions in water, making the solution conductive, while sugar does not dissociate and does not conduct electricity. Alternatively, you could also use a polarimeter to measure the rotation of polarized light passing through the solution. Sodium chloride does not affect the rotation of light, while sugar does, allowing for differentiation between the two compounds.
How do you differentiate between glucose solution and sucrose solution?
One way is by polarimeter; glucose and sucrose rotate polarized light in opposite directions. This is assuming your materials are of biological origin and therefore consist of the D-forms of both; if they're synthetic, then all bets are off.
How do you find specific rotation of sugar solution using bi-quartz polarimeter?
Take a sample of inactive solvent say tap water(400 ml).Switch on the light source of the polarimeter.Fill the polarimeter tube with it there should not be any air bubble left in the tube. Rotate the knob (that controls the movement of nicol prism analyser)in clockwise direction until you get a critical region in which illumination of the central band as observed from the eyepiece changes from slight brightness to complete darkness or vice-versa.Record the readings in both sides of the vernier scale.Rotate the knob (that controls the movement of nicol prism analyser)in anti-clockwise direction until you get a critical region in which illumination of the central band as observed from the eyepiece changes from slight brightness to complete darkness or vice-versa.Again, record the readings in both sides of the vernier scale.Preparing the sugar solution of required concentration weight by weight.10% sugar solution is prepared by adding 10 gram sugar to 80 ml water and making final volume of the solution so formed to 100 ml.Fill the polarimeter tube with 10% sugar solution ,there should not be any air bubble left in the tube. Rotate the knob (that controls the movement of nicol prism analyser)in clockwise direction until you get a critical region in which illumination of the central band as observed from the eyepiece changes from slight brightness to complete darkness or vice-versa.Record the readings in both sides of the vernier scale.Rotate the knob (that controls the movement of nicol prism analyser)in anti-clockwise direction until you get a critical region in which illumination of the central band as observed from the eyepiece changes from slight brightness to complete darkness or vice-versa.Again, record the readings in both sides of the vernier scale.Subtract:the clockwise reading for tap water from the clockwise reading recorded for 10% sugar solution .the anti-clockwise reading for tap water from the anti-clockwise reading recorded for 10% sugar solution .Add the results obtained from step 1 and step 2 of the subtract operation and divide by 2. this gives the average value of angular rotation produced by sugar component alone for 10% concentration.5% sugar solution is prepared by adding 5 gram sugar to 80 ml water and making final volume of the solution so formed to 100 ml.Fill the polarimeter tube with 5% sugar solution ,there should not be any air bubble left in the tube. Rotate the knob (that controls the movement of nicol prism analyser)in clockwise direction until you get a critical region in which illumination of the central band as observed from the eyepiece changes from slight brightness to complete darkness or vice-versa.Record the readings in both sides of the vernier scale.Rotate the knob (that controls the movement of nicol prism analyser)in anti-clockwise direction until you get a critical region in which illumination of the central band as observed from the eyepiece changes from slight brightness to complete darkness or vice-versa.Again, record the readings in both sides of the vernier scale.Subtract:the clockwise reading for tap water from the clockwise reading recorded for 5% sugar solution .the anti-clockwise reading for tap water from the anti-clockwise reading recorded for 5% sugar solution .Add the results obtained from step 1 and step 2 of the subtract operation and divide by 2. this gives the average value of angular rotation produced by sugar component alone for 5% concentration.2.5% sugar solution is prepared by adding 2.5 gram sugar to 80 ml water and making final volume of the solution so formed to 100 ml.Fill the polarimeter tube with 2.5% sugar solution ,there should not be any air bubble left in the tube. Rotate the knob (that controls the movement of nicol prism analyser)in clockwise direction until you get a critical region in which illumination of the central band as observed from the eyepiece changes from slight brightness to complete darkness or vice-versa.Record the readings in both sides of the vernier scale.Rotate the knob (that controls the movement of nicol prism analyser)in anti-clockwise direction until you get a critical region in which illumination of the central band as observed from the eyepiece changes from slight brightness to complete darkness or vice-versa.Again, record the readings in both sides of the vernier scale.Subtract:the clockwise reading for tap water from the clockwise reading recorded for 2.5% sugar solution .the anti-clockwise reading for tap water from the anti-clockwise reading recorded for 2.5% sugar solution .Add the results obtained from step 1 and step 2 of the subtract operation and divide by 2. this gives the average value of angular rotation produced by sugar component alone for 2.5% concentration.TO CALCULATE THE SPECIFIC ROTATION OF THE CANE-SUGAR .Plot the graph with concentration on x-axis and angular rotation produced by sugar component alone for different concentrations taken on y-axis.slope of the straight line so obtained on the graph divided by length of polarimeter tube gives the specific rotation of the cane sugar.note the temperature at which experiment is performed.
How do you Know that the liquid in polarimeter is dextrorotatory or levorotatory?
The direction of rotation of polarized light passing through a liquid in a polarimeter can be determined by observing whether the light rotates clockwise (dextrorotatory) or counterclockwise (levorotatory). This rotation is caused by the specific molecular structure of the compounds present in the liquid, which interact with the plane-polarized light. Polarimeters are used to measure the degree of rotation and classify the liquid as either dextrorotatory or levorotatory.
What areThe uses of a polarimeter?
A polarimeter is used to measure the rotation of polarized light passing through a substance. It is commonly used in chemistry to determine the concentration, purity, and specific rotation of chiral compounds. It is also used in the food and pharmaceutical industries for quality control purposes.
Give experiments on polarimeter?
Measure the specific rotation of a substance by passing polarized light through a sample of known concentration and observing the rotation of the light beam with a polarimeter. Determine the concentration of an unknown compound by comparing its specific rotation to a standard curve created with samples of known concentration. Investigate the influence of temperature, concentration, or solvent on the optical activity of a substance by conducting measurements with a polarimeter under various conditions.
What is the process to calculate the specific rotation of a compound?
To calculate the specific rotation of a compound, you need to measure the observed rotation of a solution of the compound in a polarimeter, and then use the formula: specific rotation observed rotation / (concentration x path length). The observed rotation is the angle of rotation measured in degrees, the concentration is the concentration of the compound in the solution in g/mL, and the path length is the length of the polarimeter tube in decimeters.
Which laboratory equipment would most likely be used for testing a substance for the presence of monosaccharides?
A polarimeter or a refractometer would most likely be used for testing a substance for the presence of monosaccharides. These instruments can measure the rotation of polarized light or refractive index, which can help identify the presence of monosaccharides in a solution.
What type of measurement can be used to differentiate between sodium chloride and sugar when dissolved in water?
One way to differentiate between sodium chloride and sugar when dissolved in water is by measuring the electrical conductivity of the solution. Sodium chloride dissociates into ions in water, making the solution conductive, while sugar does not dissociate and does not conduct electricity. Alternatively, you could also use a polarimeter to measure the rotation of polarized light passing through the solution. Sodium chloride does not affect the rotation of light, while sugar does, allowing for differentiation between the two compounds.
What is the angular frequency of rotation?
The angular frequency of rotation is a measure of how quickly an object rotates around a fixed point. It is typically measured in radians per second and represents the rate at which the object completes one full rotation.
The angle of rotation is the measure of the angle formed by the lines?
the answer is twice. the angle of rotation is twice the measure
What is a device for measuring speed of rotation?
A tachometer is a device used to measure the speed of rotation of an object. It typically works by counting the number of rotations per minute (RPM) of the object being measured, providing a numerical output that indicates its speed of rotation.
What is a vernier?
measure the angels of rotation.
What is the measure of one rotation?
360 degrees
What is a stage goniometer?
measure the angels of rotation.
