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These are compounds that absorb or adsorb water vapour from air. Some may absorb so much water they actually dissolve in the water they have absorbed and one is left with a solution. Instant coffee granules will do this, left for a few hours, they turn from powder to a gooey puddle. The hygroscopic properties of silica gel are commonly used to keep some foods, drugs and electronic equipment dry by including little sachets of the silica in the packaging of these products. Often, a small amount of cobalt II chloride is added to the silica pellets giving them the added ability to change colour depending upon how much water they have absorbed. When completely dry, the pellets are a strong blue colour and when they have absorbed water they turn a pale pink. Pale pink silica pellets may be returned to blue ones by heating in an oven, thus rendering them capable of re-use.

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