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Si Charles Robert Darwin (Pebrero 12 1809-Abril 19 1882) ay isang naturalista Briton na nagkamit ng pangmatagalang kasikatan bilang tagapagsimula ng teoriya ng ebolusyon ng mga hayop sa pamamagitan ng likas na pagpili (natural selection). Ipinanganak siya sa Shrewsbury, Shropshire, Inglatera.

Nagkaroon siya ng interes sa likas na kasaysayan habang nag-aaral ng medisina noong una, pagkatapos teolohiya, sa isang pamantasan sa Inglatera. Nagbigay sa kaniya ng katanyagan bilang isang heolohista at bilang isang sikat na may-akda pagkatapos ng limang taon paglalayag sa Beagle. Ang kaniyang mga pagmamasid sa biyolohiya ang nagdala sa kaniya upang pag-aralan ang transmutasyon ng mga specie at maisulong ang kaniyang teoriya ng likas na pagpili noon 1838. Lubos na nalalaman niya na magkaroon ng reaksyon ang teoriya niya, ipinagkatiwala niya lamang ito sa mga malalapit na kaibigan at sinaliksik ang inaasahang mga pagsalungat, ngunit noong 1858, ang impormasyon ni Alfred Russel Wallace na may teoriyang din katulad nito ang napilitang magkaroon ng naunang pagsasama sa pagpapalimbag ng teoriya ni Darwin.

Noong 1859, ang kaniyang aklat na The Origin of Species (Ang Pinagmulan ng mga Specie) ay itinatag ang ebolusyon sa pamamagitan ng karaniwang kanunuan (common descent) bilang ang namamayaning teoriyang pang-agham ng pagkakaiba sa kalikasan. Ipinagpatuloy niya ang pagsaliksik at sinulat niya ang mga aklat tungkol sa mga halaman at hayop, na kabilang ngayon ang tao sa The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex (Ang Kanunuan ng Tao at ang Pagpili na may Kaugnayan sa Kasarian) at The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (Ang Ekspresyon ng mga Emosyon ng Tao at ng mga Hayop). Tungkol naman sa mga bulate ang kaniyang huling aklat.Sa mga bulateng nanggaling sa kanyang puwit.

Sa pagkilala sa kaniyang katanyagan, inilibing si Darwin sa Westminster Abbey, malapit kina Sir William Herschel at Sir Isaac newton.

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