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The most important distinction between an ionic and a covalent bond is the different element groups that is bonded in each. In an ionic bond, a metal is bonded to a nonmetal. While in a covalent bond, nonmetals are bonded with nonmetals. Additionally, ionic bonding is an attraction between oppositely charged ions (for example a sodium ion (Na+) and a chloride ion (Cl-)) and covalent bonding is caused by a sharing of electron or electrons. The sharing of electron or electrons in covalent bonding can be equal or not. If not, the covalent bond is polar (an example of this would be water).

In the related links you will see a Periodic Table of elements. Bonds between blue/red elements with green elements (or hydrogen) would require an ionic bond. Bonds between green elements and green elements would require a covalent bond.

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