The classical free electorn theory is not able to explain conductivity for semiconducter and insulators
A free electron is an electron that is not bound to an atom or molecule and is free to move independently. These electrons contribute to the electrical conductivity of materials like metals. In metals, some of the electrons in the outer energy levels of the atoms are not tightly bound and can move freely throughout the material.
7 electrons in 3s and 3p (outermost) orbitals
A hydroxyl ion (OH-) is a negatively charged molecule consisting of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom bonded together. It is a stable species. On the other hand, a hydroxyl free radical (OH•) is a highly reactive molecule with an unpaired electron. It is an unstable species and can participate in chemical reactions to stabilize itself.
contains an unpaired electron in its outer shell, making it highly reactive and unstable. These particles can damage cells and contribute to various health issues over time if left unchecked. Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals by donating electrons to stabilize them.
The charge of an atom who captured a single elektron is - or -1
Classical free electron theory could not explain many physical properties. In 1928, Sommerfeld developed a new theory applying quantum mechanical concepts and Fermi-Dirac statistics to the free electrons in the metal. This theory is called quantum free electron theory.
Classical free electron theory is modeled by drude - Lorentz to explian elctrical conductivity in metals. According to this free electron in a metal (valence electron) move randdomly at room temperature and these free electron are drifted in opposite to the direection of the applied electric field. This is repsonsible for the conduction. Here all the free elctron are are considered as equal in all aspect.
Drawbacks of Classical free electron theory:1. It is macroscopic theory2. This theory cannot explain the electron conductivity ofsemiconductors and insulators.3. Ferromagnetism cannot be explained by this theory.4. This theory cannot explain the Photoelectric effect, Comptoneffect and the Black Body radiation.5. The calculated value of specific heat of metals is not matchingwith the experimental value.6. At low temperature, Lorentz number is not a constant. But by12classical theory it is a constant.7. Dual nature cannot be explained.8. Atomic fine spectra cannot be explained.9. Classical theory states that all the free electrons will absorbenergy, but quantum theory states that only few electrons willabsorb energy
write note on free electron theory
Electrons are fermions and thus cannot occupy the same quantum states. They obey Fermi-Dirac statistics, and will occupy energy levels accordingly. This is different to the classica state where all electrons are pretty much equal (equal energies etc) and are not taken to be distrubuted amongst multiple states and energies. See Fermi Gas Model for a treatment of quantum free electron theory.
free electron model not take into account the potential neither the electron interaction. nearly free electron take into account the potential.J.C. Aguiar
Electronic theory is the theory of the behavior of the electron under various conditions including a free electron, a bound electron in either an outer or inner orbit of the atom.
The free electron theory assumes that electrons in a metal behave like a gas of free particles. It also assumes that these electrons are not restricted to individual atoms, can move freely through the metal lattice, and are responsible for various electrical and thermal properties of metals.
The classical theory in economics was developed by Adam Smith, often considered the "Father of Economics," in his seminal work "The Wealth of Nations" published in 1776. Smith's ideas form the foundation of classical economics and focused on the concepts of free markets, self-interest, and the invisible hand guiding market outcomes.
Classical free electron theory was proposed by Drude .According to this there are some merits 1)It varifies ohm's law 2)It explains the electrical and thermal conductivities of metals. 3)It derives Weid man-franz law. $)it explains optical properties of metal. Demerits:- 1)The phenomena such as photoelectric effect,compton effect and the black body radiation could not be explained. etc... for more information contact venkat.rafa007@gmail.com
In many cases there are no drawbacks. Other banks offer fewer services and higher penalty fees for free accounts.
Invisible hand theory, the economy will regulate itself without government intervention