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A molecule has a net dipole moment when the individual bond dipoles do not cancel each other out due to the molecule's geometry. This can occur if the molecule is asymmetrical or if the electronegativities of the atoms forming the bonds are different, resulting in an uneven distribution of charge.

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What conditions must be met for a molecule to absorb infrared radiation?

For a molecule to absorb infrared radiation, it must have a change in its dipole moment when it vibrates. This means that the molecule must have different charges distributed unevenly within it, causing it to interact with the infrared radiation and absorb its energy.


What is the difference between a atom a molecule and an ion?

An ion is simply a molecule with an uneven number of electrons and protons. Remember that in order for a molecule to be stable, the number of protons (positively charged particles) and electrons (negatively charged particles) must be the same. Ions are different because they gain and lose electrons.


Is pf3 polar or nonpolar?

PH3 is a non-polar covalent molecule. This is somehow confusing because, when you draw out the Lewis diagram, you will observe a lone pair on the P atom. However, if the electronegativity difference does not have a polar bond, then no matter what happens, it will always be non polar. In this case, the EN is 0.01, which indicates non polar. (Non polar EN is 0~0.4)To decide whether a molecule is polar or non-polar, first draw the Lewis diagram. Then calculate the electronegativity. If the electronegativity is non polar, then no matter it has lone pairs or it has more than one group around the central atom, it will always be non polar. In this case, PH3 is non polar because of it has a non polar bond indicated by the electronegativity even though it has lone pairs.But if the bond is polar, then you might have a chance to get a polar molecule depending on either of these 2 factors:1. If there are lone pairs2. If there are other groups around the central atomFor example, H2O is polar because:1.It has a polar bond for electronegativity2.It has lone pairs(Even if it doesn't have a other groups around the central atom, it's still polar because it's polar if you just satisfy either of the 2 conditions)If both conditions of the above are not met, then it's non polar even if it has a polar bond. Like CO2, a molecule has a polar bond, but fails to meet both of the conditions, is a non polar molecule.Always remember to check your electronegativity. Remember if a molecule only has non polar bonds, then it must be a non polar molecule no matter which condition is satisfied after (ex. lone pairs). If a molecule has polar bonds, then it may be a polar molecule depending on either of the 2 conditions listed.


Is acetic acid aromatic?

No. There are two molecular requirements that must be met to indicate aromaticity. In order to be aromatic a molecule must: 1) have a ring of pi electrons above and below the molecule. This means: a. The molecule must be cyclic. b. All atoms in the ring must be sp2 hybridized c. The molecule must be planar. 2) have an odd number of pairs of pi electrons. Since acetic acid is not cyclic, it cannot meet the first requirement and therefore cannot be aromatic. There are, however, delocalized electrons that increase the stability of the compound.


What is the requirement for a molecule to be UV active?

UV-vis active molecules must have easily deformed electron clouds. This requirement is met for molecules with lots of pi-bonds that are directly connected together, or conjugated.

Related Questions

What conditions must be met for a molecule to absorb infrared radiation?

For a molecule to absorb infrared radiation, it must have a change in its dipole moment when it vibrates. This means that the molecule must have different charges distributed unevenly within it, causing it to interact with the infrared radiation and absorb its energy.


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