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Hydrogen bonds are formed between compounds containing a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative element. The only elements that are electronegative enough are fluorine, oxygen and nitrogen. The extreme difference in electronegativity causes the covalent bond between the atoms to polarize by attracting the centre of electron density towards the Hydrogen atom. This creates positive and negative ends of the compound.

When the positive end of the compound (the Hydrogen atom) comes into contact with the negative end (the other element) of another compound (please note that the other compound must be the same compound or be capable of forming hydrogen bonds) it will form a temporary bond due to the differences in polarity (sign). This temporary bond is a hydrogen bond.

Examples for compounds capable of forming hydrogen bonds are water (H2O), hydrogenflouride (HF) and the base pairs found in DNA.

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14y ago

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