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API (American Petroleum Institute number) or API gravity American Petroleum Institude gravity number) is a measure of the density of the crude oil. Take for example XX crude has an API gravity of 34 while YY crude has an API gravity of 22. This would mean that XX crude is lighter as compared to YY crude.

If you were to then look at the assay data for the XX crude, you will see that it will contain more lighter components (Natural gas, naphtha, etc) when it is processed in the distillation column as compared to the YY crude. YY crude on the other hand will contain more heavier components such as (diesel or heavy oils,etc) as compared to the XX crude.

Depending on what products is on demand, the crudes might be sold at different prices. If the demand for gasoline is high, then XX crude will be more valuable for it has higher amounts of lighter components and vice versa.

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