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When soap is added to water containing the calcium ad magnesium salts, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions of these salts gets interchanged with Na+ (or K+) ions of the soap to form corresponding calcium and magnesium salts. These are in the form of white precipitates and settle down. These precipitates are called as scum. This means that hard water does not give any lather with soap and is not fit for washing clothes.

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