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Bohr's model of the atom is important because it introduced the concept of the quantum in explaining atomic properties. However, Bohr's model ultimately needed revision becuase it failed to explain the natue of atoms more complicated than hydrogen. It took roughly another decade before a new more complete atomic theory was developed - the modern atomic theory.
Louis de Brogllie introduces the wave/particle duality of matter (1921)
Traditional (classical) physics had assumed that particles were particles and waves were waves and thats that. However, de Broglie suggested that particles could sometimes behave as waves and waves could sometimes bahave as particles - the wave/particle duality of nature. He suggested a simple equation that would relate the two: Particles have momentum (p), waves have wavelengths (l) and the two are related by the equation
l=h/p
h=Planck's constant = 6.634x10-34 Js
p=(mass)x(velocity)
This wave/particle duality of nature turned out to be a key to the new atomic theory. Here is an examples of using the de Broglie equation:
Question: A ball of mass 0.2 kg is thrown with a velocity of 10 m/s what is its wavelength?
Answer:
This means that the wavelength of the ball is miniscule compared to the size of the ball.
Werner Heisenberg elucidated the Uncertainty Principle (1923)
Classical physics had always assumed that precise location and velocity of objects was always possible. Heisenberg, however discovered that this was not necessarily the case at the atomic level. In particular, he stated that the act of observation interfered with the location and velocity of small particles such as electrons. This is the case because observation requires light and light has momentum. When light bounces off an electron momentum exchange can occur between light and the electron which means the electrons location and velocity have been altered by the act of measurement. This scenerio has important implications to what we can measure at the atomic level.
Erwin Schrodinger developed the equation which is used today to understand atoms
and molecules - the Schrodinger Equation (1926)
Erwin Schrodinger took the ideas developed by de Broglie, Heisenberg and others and put them together in a single equation that is named after him. Solving this equation can in principle predict the properties and reactivities of all atoms and molecules.
Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to solve for any but the most simple atoms and molecules.
Orbitals and Energies are the central objects that determine the properties of atoms
and molecules in the new Quantum Theory
Although the Schrodinger equation is too difficult to solve for any but the simplest atoms/molecules, we can nevertheless extract some essential conclusion from it:
I)
Energies are quantized:
Atoms and molecules cannot have any energy but only certain energies. This means that energies are "quantized".
II)
The orbitals, associated with each energy, determine where the electrons are located.
Each orbital is determined by a quantum number call the angular momentum quantum number "l". This quantum number can take on the values l=0 (s-orbital), l=1 (p-orbital), l=2 (d-orbital), l=3 (f-orbital) etc.
These orbitals can be be seen as the "rooms" in which the electrons in an atom "live".
The quantum energies together with the orbitals can be used to explain chemical properties and reactivities.
What else can I help you with?
Whose ideas led to the atomic theory of matter?
The atomic theory of matter can be attributed to the ideas proposed by the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus. He hypothesized that all matter is composed of indivisible and indestructible particles called atoms, which differ in shape, size, and arrangement. Democritus' atomic theory laid the foundation for modern atomic theory.
What do modern day scientist contribute to the atomic theory?
Modern day scientists contribute to the atomic theory by providing experimental evidence through techniques like electron microscopy and particle accelerators, which allow for direct observation of atoms and their behavior. They also continue to refine the mathematical models that describe the behavior of atoms and subatomic particles, helping to further understand the structure and properties of matter at the atomic level. Additionally, they explore the implications of atomic theory in fields like quantum mechanics and materials science for technological advancements.
What benefit did chemists derive from Dalton's atomic theory?
Chemists benefited from Dalton's atomic theory by gaining a better understanding of the composition and behavior of matter at the atomic level. This theory provided a foundation for modern chemistry and helped explain various chemical reactions and properties of elements.
What is the first theory to relate chemical changes to events at the atomic level?
The first theory to relate chemical changes to events at the atomic level was proposed by John Dalton in the early 19th century. Known as Dalton's atomic theory, it stated that elements are composed of indivisible particles called atoms, and chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of these atoms to form new substances.
Who proposed the first modern atomic theory?
The first modern atomic theory was proposed by John Dalton in the early 19th century. Dalton's theory stated that all matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms, and that atoms of different elements have different masses and properties.
What best describe electrons located in atoms?
This is the atomic orbitals theory.
What was Niels Bohr's aim in his atomic theory?
Bohr wished to describe the structure of atoms.
What experiment did Antoine Lavoisier do for his atomic theory?
Lavoisier is not known for an atomic theory.
How Do You Use The Word atomic theory in A Sentence?
when i was atomic theory i was a smart
Atomic theory invented by?
Atomic theory was founded by John Dalton. He proved this theory in 1803.
What did leucippus contribute to the atomic model or theory?
he did not develop anything regarding the 'atomic theory' for he was against that theory.
Did scientist help in development of atomic theory?
They didn't help with atomic theory, they created it.
Who is credited with the development of the the atomic theory?
John Dalton first pursued research into atomic theory. He was the first person to propose the existence of the atomic structure.
what did do in developing his theory that Democritus did not do?
He pubish is own atomic theory in 1803 developed his atomic theory by observations gathered from many experiments .
What was Moseley's atomic theory?
Moseley was the first to clear and scientifically justify in 1913 the atomic number studying X-ray spectra of chemical elements. But Moseley hadn't a personal atomic theory, he was not the discoverer of the atomic theory.
What theory did scientist Rutherford create?
The Atomic Theory
How was Dalton's atomic theory similar to democritus's atomic theory?
They both thought the same theory but Dalton had evidence to prove it, unlike Democritus.
