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Oxygen has a electron arrangement is 2,6 or 1s2 2s2 2p4

It is trying to achieve the electron arrangement of Neon, 2 8 (as all energy levels/orbitals are full)

So it will need to form two covalent bonds to get that, hence it will form a double covalent bond O=O

Fluorine has an electron arrangement of 2, 7 or 1s2 2s2 2p5

Again it is trying to achieve the electron arrangement of Neon, 2 8 (as all energy levels/orbitals are full)

So It needs to form only one covalent bond, hence F-F

So by process of elimination it must be nitrogen.

But lets look at its electron arrangement anyway

Nitrogen has the electron arrangement of 2,5 or 1s2 2s2 2p3

So it needs to form 3 covalent bonds to achieve a stable electron arrangement.

N

///

N

This triple bond is very strong, so strong in fact that very few things can break it! Lightning is one of them. This is why the majority of the earth atmoshpere is make of Nitrogen - because it sits there not reacting with anything!

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