Water ampholytic (acid+base) equilibrium:
H2O + H2O <--> H3O+ + OH-
The equilibrium constant Kf measures the extent of a reaction at equilibrium, while the solubility product constant Ksp measures the extent of a substance dissolving in a solution.
The reaction is at equilibrium when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. This means the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time. Equilibrium is a dynamic state where reactions are still occurring, but the overall concentrations do not change.
Equilibrium constants are essential to answering many thermodynamic questions and to figuring out how a chemical is gonna behave in a solution. On a routine basis -- meaning someone working in a lab -- you need equilibrium constants to make buffers (henderson-hasselbalch).
To determine the acid dissociation constant (Ka) from the concentration of a solution, you can measure the concentrations of the acid, its conjugate base, and the equilibrium concentrations of both in the solution. By using these values in the equilibrium expression for the acid dissociation reaction, you can calculate the Ka value.
Equilibrium is only found in a saturated solution, where the dissolved species and the undissolved species are in equilibrium with each other. In a dilute solution there is nothing that is undissolved, and so there is no equilibrium, and by definition a supersaturated solution is out of equilibrium and essentially has too much stuff dissolved in it (it will eventually return to equilibrium and some of the dissolved material will precipitate out).
the reaction is at dynamic equilibrium.
The equilibrium constant Kf measures the extent of a reaction at equilibrium, while the solubility product constant Ksp measures the extent of a substance dissolving in a solution.
The reaction is at equilibrium when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. This means the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time. Equilibrium is a dynamic state where reactions are still occurring, but the overall concentrations do not change.
Equilibrium constants are essential to answering many thermodynamic questions and to figuring out how a chemical is gonna behave in a solution. On a routine basis -- meaning someone working in a lab -- you need equilibrium constants to make buffers (henderson-hasselbalch).
To determine the acid dissociation constant (Ka) from the concentration of a solution, you can measure the concentrations of the acid, its conjugate base, and the equilibrium concentrations of both in the solution. By using these values in the equilibrium expression for the acid dissociation reaction, you can calculate the Ka value.
Equilibrium is only found in a saturated solution, where the dissolved species and the undissolved species are in equilibrium with each other. In a dilute solution there is nothing that is undissolved, and so there is no equilibrium, and by definition a supersaturated solution is out of equilibrium and essentially has too much stuff dissolved in it (it will eventually return to equilibrium and some of the dissolved material will precipitate out).
Something is in "equilibrium" when it is in a state of perfect balance or rest. All forces acting on it are equal and opposite. It is in a "minimum" energy state.
isotonic solution, equilibrium
During a neutralisation reaction, the indicator changes color to indicate the pH change. For example, litmus paper turns red in an acidic solution, blue in a basic solution, and purple in a neutral solution. This color change helps to visually confirm when the reaction has reached equilibrium.
If a solution is saturated you will not be able to dissolve any more of the material in that solution at that temperature. If the concentration of the dissolved material determines the reaction rate of a reaction you care about then you will need to adjust temperature or make other changes to speed it up. In contrast, if you have an unsaturated solution, you can dissolve more of the material in it and increase the reaction rate.
Equilibrium solubility is how much of a certain solute is in solution when the system has reached equilibrium. For example, when something like silver chloride (AgCl) is placed in water, none of it goes into solution. But given some time, an equilibrium will be reached where a small amount of AgCl is in solution and is in equilibrium with the insoluble AgCl.
When ammonia gas is dissolved in methylbenzene, a solution of ammonium methylbenzenesulfonate is formed. This compound is a salt resulting from the reaction between ammonia and methylbenzene under certain conditions.