The line spectra produced by excited atoms
Each electron has its own "address."
They have fixed energy values.
Small amounts of evidence are still valuable in supporting a claim or hypothesis. Even a single piece of evidence can contribute to a larger body of knowledge or help in drawing preliminary conclusions. It is important to consider the quality and reliability of the evidence, regardless of the quantity.
The amount of electrons in mercury is (80)electrons.
Avogadro's hypothesis is reasonable because it explains the relationship between the volumes of gases in a reaction and their relative amounts in moles, providing a simple way to understand and predict gas behavior without the need for complex calculations. This hypothesis also helps explain observations made in chemical reactions involving gases and has been supported by experimental evidence.
The universe has a fine structure, it is said to be quantized, which means that matter, energy, space, and time come in discrete packages called quanta, rather than being infinitely divisible into ever smaller pieces. That is the basic discovery of quantum mechanics. Everything has specific amounts of energy, not just electrons, but those amounts can be very tiny. It is only when you get to the very small scale of subatomic particles such as electrons, that this quantization becomes noticeable.
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Niels Bohr transformed the atomic model by integrating quantum theory with classical physics, particularly through his application of quantized energy levels for electrons. Based on experimental results, such as the emission spectra of hydrogen, he proposed that electrons occupy specific orbits with fixed energies, and they can only transition between these orbits by absorbing or emitting discrete amounts of energy (quanta). This model explained the stability of atoms and the distinct spectral lines observed in atomic emissions, marking a significant advancement over earlier models.
Each electron has its own "address."
Electrons are found in specific energy levels or shells around an atom's nucleus. These energy levels are designated by the quantum number n (e.g., n=1, n=2, n=3). Electrons can move between these energy levels by absorbing or emitting specific amounts of energy.
When we say that energy levels in atoms are quantized, we mean that electrons can only exist at specific energy levels and cannot exist between these levels. This concept impacts the behavior of electrons within an atom by determining the specific orbits or shells they can occupy, leading to the formation of distinct energy levels and the emission or absorption of specific amounts of energy when electrons move between these levels.
Niels Bohr revolutionized the atomic model by introducing the concept of quantized energy levels for electrons orbiting the nucleus. His experimental results, particularly those from hydrogen's emission spectrum, led him to propose that electrons occupy specific orbits without radiating energy, and they can only jump between these orbits by absorbing or emitting discrete amounts of energy. This model addressed the limitations of earlier atomic theories by explaining the stability of atoms and the spectral lines observed in experiments. Bohr's model laid the groundwork for modern quantum mechanics and our understanding of atomic structure.
In Bohr's atomic model, electrons are in specific orbitals (NOT orbits), which are at specific energy levels. An electron can go directly from one orbital to another, but it can never be in-between any two orbitals. The energy level of these orbitals is specified by angular momentum being quantized.
They have fixed energy values.
Small amounts of evidence are still valuable in supporting a claim or hypothesis. Even a single piece of evidence can contribute to a larger body of knowledge or help in drawing preliminary conclusions. It is important to consider the quality and reliability of the evidence, regardless of the quantity.
Niels Bohr showed that electrons could have only specific amounts of energy, leading them to move in certain orbits. Hope this helps!