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Atoms of elements react together because they become more stable as a result. The electrons around the nucleus of an atom are responsible for chemical reactivity and there are certain arrangements of these that are stable. The electrons are arranged in orbits around the nucleus. in the first orbit 2 electrons make the atom more stable. in the next few orbits it takes 8 electrons to make them stable. If 2 atoms can share an electron so that they both become more stable they react by sharing the electron and form a covalent bond. In other words a covalent bond is an electon-pair - one from each atom. 4 hydrogens having an electron each to share will react with carbon which has 4 electrons to share to give CH4 - Methane - 4 covalent bonds are formed - so the carbon gets 8 electrons and the Hydrogen gets 2 (in its first orbit) which is stable.

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