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ok i am an ib student doing chem lets see if this answers your questen. if you want the identity of an atom inside a unknow compound you either need to have some fancy equiment or to know every thing else inside the compound and know the moles present ans the mass of the whole molecule. if you want to know the number of atoms then there are a few ways to go depending on what you have been given. if you know the molecular formula and you know how many moles there is then you simply need to times by avogadro's number. avogadro's number is 6.02214179(30)×1023 . but you can just do it to 6.02. this will give you the number of molecules. then you just times by the number of atoms in the molecule.

here is an example

6 moles of glucose

6 C6 H12 O6

6×6.02×1023 =3.612 ×1024

now to find carbon simply times by 6 again because there are 6 carbon in each molecule of glucose.

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