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Let's say you have ethanoyl chloride and you add water. The oxygen atom in the molecule will attach to the carbonyl carbon, displacing two electrons from the double bond to oxygen, giving it a negative charge. The oxygen will then throw those two electrons back down to form a double bond and kick out the chlorine. The chlorine(-) will then take one of the hydrogens off of the H20 molecule attached to the original carbonyl carbon, leaving the newly bound oxygen with no formal charge. You will then have hydrolyzed ethanoyl chloride (an acid chloride), and formed ethanoic acid (a carboxylic acid) + HCl. See Attached image for mechanism: http://tinypic.com/r/os92x0/5

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