polar molecule
If you are talking about covalent bonded molecules, then you would call them polar molecules. This means one element is hogging the shared electrons more than the other. This would make one element partially charged positively, and the other element partially charged negatively The signs to show partially charged looks like an incomplete 8.
partially positively charged hydrogen end of the molecule.
The oxygen atom in a water molecule is partially negative due to its higher electronegativity compared to hydrogen. This results in a slight charge separation within the molecule, making oxygen slightly negative and hydrogen slightly positive.
Water is considered a polar molecule (not bipolar), because it has parts that are positively charged and parts that are negatively charged. When you have a separation of charges (+ and -), you have polarity. In water, H-O-H (H2O) the H parts are partially +ve and the O part is partially -ve.
In the solid state, the major attraction between water molecules is hydrogen bonding. This occurs when the partially positively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule is attracted to the partially negatively charged oxygen atom of another water molecule. Hydrogen bonding is responsible for the unique properties of water, such as its high surface tension and ability to expand upon freezing.
Polar molecule
If you are talking about covalent bonded molecules, then you would call them polar molecules. This means one element is hogging the shared electrons more than the other. This would make one element partially charged positively, and the other element partially charged negatively The signs to show partially charged looks like an incomplete 8.
partially positively charged hydrogen end of the molecule.
partially positively charged hydrogen end of the molecule.
Molecules that do not have oppositely charged ends are nonpolar molecules.
A hydrogen bond is caused by the attractive force between a partially positively-charged hydrogen atom in one molecule and a partially negatively-charged atom (such as oxygen or nitrogen) in another molecule. This interaction is due to hydrogen's small size and high electronegativity difference with other atoms.
The oxygen atom in a water molecule is partially negative due to its higher electronegativity compared to hydrogen. This results in a slight charge separation within the molecule, making oxygen slightly negative and hydrogen slightly positive.
Short Answer: a partially positive hydrogen atom gets attracted to a partially negatively charged atom. _______________________ Take water for example. There is an Oxygen atom (which pulls electrons towards it-- making it partially negative) There are also two hydrogen atoms. The (negatively charged) electron on each H atom is being pulled towards the O atom, making the Hydrogen partially positive. Now, when two water molecules come together, the partially positively charged H's on one water molecule are attracted to the partially negatively charged O's on the other molecule. This attraction between oppositely charged atoms on different molecules creates a 'hydrogen bond'.
The oxygen in the water molecule is Partially negative and the Hydrogen in the water molecule is partially Positive . Thus they bond up to form Hydrogen Bond.
Since water is a slightly polar molecule (the hydrogen end being slightly positive and the oxygen ends being slightly negative) the positively charged sodium ion (Na+) will be attracted to the oxygen end of the water molecule.
An ION is an atom that has lost or gained electrons. Thereby becoming a charged species. Once an atom becomes a charged species it is NO longer an atom but an ION . e.g. Sodium atom, symbol ' Na '. has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. When it loses (ionises) an electron it becomes a sodium ion. So sodium now has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons . 11 protons (11+) and 10 electrons (10-). Doing a little sum 11+ 10- = 1(+) Hence the charge on the sodium ion is'+1' . Symbolically, shown as ' Na^(+) ' . and is named a sodium CATION. Similarly Chlorine atom, symbol ' Cl '. has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons. When it has electron affinity it gains an electron it becomes a chloride ion. So chlorine now has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 18 electrons . 17 protons (17+) and 18 electrons (18-). Doing a little sum 17+ 18- = 1(-) Hence the charge on the chloride ion is'-1' . Symbolically, shown as ' Cl^(-) ' . and is named a chloride ANION.
Water is considered a polar molecule (not bipolar), because it has parts that are positively charged and parts that are negatively charged. When you have a separation of charges (+ and -), you have polarity. In water, H-O-H (H2O) the H parts are partially +ve and the O part is partially -ve.