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Hardness of water is due to the presence of calcium and magnesium salts.

Genrally, soaps consist of Na salts of higher falty acods like sterai. oleic, obrc etc. which are highly soluble in water amd thus exert their cleansing action . If Ca and Mg salts are present , these react with soluble Na soap to form insoluble salts of Ca and Mg.

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