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The variety of igneous rock that is called porphyry is usually formed when sections of magma rise up from the Earth's mantle and cool down. As the magma slowly cools down in the crust, large crystals are created (phenocrysts). Then the magma cools far more quickly as it is ejected through the crust, for example, in a volcanic eruption. This fast cooling freezes any new crystals into solid rock, which prevents them from becoming large. These large and small crystal grains are characteristic of porphyry rocks.

The links below describe the origin of porphyry deposits in detail.

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