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Natural gas as recovered from underground deposits contains mainly methane (CH4), but it also contains heavier gaseous hydrocarbons such as ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10). Other gases such as CO2, nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are also often present. Natural gas also contains small amounts of helium, and is the main source of helium. Small amounts of Mercury may be present. The exact composition varies from one field to another.

Methane is typically 70-90 percent, ethane 5-15 percent, propane and butane up to 5 percent.

Sulfur compounds must be removed before distribution. Small amounts of odorant are added to assist in leak detection. Mercury if present is removed.

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