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What is the connection between an elements electron arrangement and its group number?
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
In the outer orbit they all have the same amount of electrons. Due to this they generally have quite similar characteristics eg. Group 1: Alkali metals: All very reactive, need to get rid of an outer electron
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Wiki User
∙ 11y agoThe Periodic Table hosts a wealth of information. I suspect from the way you asked the question, that the answer you are looking for is that the group number tells you the number of valence electrons that a particular atom has.
Let's look at group IIIB, the first element is boron. Boron has a total of five electrons. The first two are the core electrons which make up the 1s orbital, sometimes written as [He]. The remaining electrons then look like this [He]2s2 2p1. You can see then that there are three valence electrons.
A simple trick can be used to quickly obtain the electron configuration using the periodic table. If you look at the very left of the table you will see a deliberate isolation of groups IA and IIA. These are the s orbitals. In the middle of the table if you count from Sc to Zn, you will count 10 elements, these are the d orbitals. on the right side from boron to neon you will count six, these are the p orbitals. On the bottom, from cerium to lutetium you will count 14, these are the f orbitals. Therefore, by locating an element we can quickly get the electron configuration.
Example:
Iron
It is six elements into the transition metal group, thus d6. It also has its 2s orbitals. These are the valence electrons. The core electrons can be written as [Ar], or [Ar]3d6 4s2.
Generally speaking if you go down a group in the periodic table because their valence electrons will be in orbitals of similar shape and size they are expected to have similar chemical properties. ie. if iron participates in a chemical reaction ruthenium may also participate in the reaction.
Wiki User
∙ 12y agothe number of electrons on an elements outer ring give its group number.
P.S. There are 18 groups
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