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Phosphorus forms two common oxides, phosphorus(III) oxide (or tetraphosphorus hexoxide), P4O6, and phosphorus(V) oxide (or tetraphosphorus decaoxide), P4O10. Both oxides have a structure based on the tetrahedral structure of elemental white phosphorus. Phosphorus(III) oxide is a white crystalline solid that smells like garlic and has a poisonous vapour. It oxidizes slowly in air and inflames when heated to 70 °C (158 °F), forming P4O10. It is the acid anhydride of phosphorous acid, H3PO3, that is produced as P4O6 dissolves slowly in cold water. Phosphorus(V) oxide is a white flocculent powder that can be prepared by heating elemental phosphorus in excess oxygen. It is very stable and is a poor oxidizing agent. The P4O10 molecule is the acid anhydride of orthophosphoric acid, H3PO4. When P4O10 is dropped into water, it makes a hissing sound, heat is liberated, and the acid is formed. Because of its great affinity for water, P4O10 is used extensively as a drying agent for gases and for removing water from many compounds.

P4O10 + 6H2O → 4H3PO4

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Carol Gebbia

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11mo ago

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