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It has the repeating unit C3H3N according to this website:
http://www.polymerprocessing.com/polymers/PAN.html
Wiki User
∙ 15y ago
Wiki User
∙ 10y agoPolyacrylonitrile is a plastic material, the polymer of acrylonitrile; the general formula is (C3H3N)n.
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Is orlon a synthetic polymer?
yes , it is a polyacrylonitrile.
What is an example of a synthenic polymer?
nylon,A2 As an aside, silk and spiders web would be natural polymers.
Are polymers made of long chains of carbon molecules?
Yes. A polymer is a chain of hydrocarbon molecules. Edit: Although most polymers are carbon based, there are some silicon based polymers. The true definition of a polymer is a large molecule consisting of many repeating subunits.
What is the chemical name for plastic?
It is a polymer and there are many types so a formula can not be accurately stated without more information
What is carbon graphite chemical formula?
www.carb.com visite for more information A carbon fiber is a long, thin strand of material about 0.0002-0.0004 in (0.005-0.010 mm) in diameter and composed mostly of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are bonded together in http://www.answers.com/topic/microscopic crystals that are more or less aligned parallel to the long axis of the fiber. The crystal alignment makes the fiber incredibly strong for its size. Several thousand carbon fibers are twisted together to form a http://www.answers.com/topic/yarn, which may be used by itself or woven into a fabric. The yarn or fabric is combined with http://www.answers.com/topic/epoxy and wound or http://www.answers.com/topic/mold into shape to form various composite materials. Carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials are used to make aircraft and spacecraft parts, racing car bodies, golf club shafts, bicycle frames, fishing rods, automobile springs, http://www.answers.com/topic/sailboat masts, and many other components where light weight and high strength are needed. Carbon fibers were developed in the 1950s as a reinforcement for high-temperature molded plastic components on missiles. The first fibers were manufactured by heating strands of http://www.answers.com/topic/rayon until they carbonized. This process proved to be http://www.answers.com/topic/inefficient, as the resulting fibers contained only about 20% carbon and had low strength and stiffness properties. In the early 1960s, a process was developed using http://www.answers.com/topic/polyacrylonitrile as a raw material. This produced a carbon fiber that contained about 55% carbon and had much better properties. The polyacrylonitrile conversion process quickly became the primary method for producing carbon fibers. During the 1970s, experimental work to find alternative raw materials led to the introduction of carbon fibers made from a petroleum pitch derived from oil processing. These fibers contained about 85% carbon and had excellent http://www.answers.com/topic/flexural-strength. Unfortunately, they had only limited compression strength and were not widely accepted. Today, carbon fibers are an important part of many products, and new applications are being developed every year. The United States, Japan, and Western Europe are the leading producers of carbon fibers. Classification of Carbon Fibers Carbon fibers are classified by the http://www.answers.com/topic/tensile-modulus of the fiber. Tensile modulus is a measure of how much pulling force a certain diameter fiber can http://www.answers.com/topic/exert without breaking. The English unit of measurement is pounds of force per square inch of cross-sectional area, or psi. Carbon fibers classified as "low modulus" have a tensile modulus below 34.8 million psi (240 million kPa). Other classifications, in ascending order of tensile modulus, include "standard modulus," "intermediate modulus," "high modulus," and "ultrahigh modulus." Ultrahigh modulus carbon fibers have a tensile modulus of 72.5-145.0 million psi (500 million-1.0 http://www.answers.com/topic/billion kPa). As a comparison, steel has a tensile modulus of about 29 million psi (200 million kPa). Thus, the strongest carbon fiber is about five times stronger than steel. The term http://www.answers.com/topic/graphite fiber refers to certain ultrahigh modulus fibers made from petroleum pitch. These fibers have an internal structure that closely approximates the three-dimensional crystal alignment that is characteristic of a pure form of carbon known as graphite. Raw Materials The raw material used to make carbon fiber is called the precursor. About 90% of the carbon fibers produced are made from polyacrylonitrile. The remaining 10% are made from rayon or petroleum pitch. All of these materials are organic polymers, characterized by long strings of molecules bound together by carbon atoms. The exact composition of each precursor varies from one company to another and is generally considered a trade secret. During the manufacturing process, a variety of gases and liquids are used. Some of these materials are designed to react with the fiber to achieve a specific effect. Other materials are designed not to react or to prevent certain reactions with the fiber. As with the precursors, the exact compositions of many of these process materials are considered trade secrets. The ManufacturingProcess The process for making carbon fibers is part chemical and part mechanical. The precursor is drawn into long strands or fibers and then heated to a very high temperature with-out allowing it to come in contact with oxygen. Without oxygen, the fiber cannot burn. Instead, the high temperature causes the atoms in the fiber to http://www.answers.com/topic/vibrate violently until most of the non-carbon atoms are expelled. This process is called carbonization and leaves a fiber composed of long, tightly inter-locked chains of carbon atoms with only a few non-carbon atoms remaining. Here is a typical sequence of operations used to form carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile. Spinning * Acrylonitrile plastic powder is mixed with another plastic, like http://www.answers.com/topic/methyl-acrylate or http://www.answers.com/topic/methyl-methacrylate, and is reacted with a http://www.answers.com/topic/catalyst in a conventional suspension or http://www.answers.com/topic/solution-polymerization process to form a polyacrylonitrile plastic. * The plastic is then spun into fibers using one of several different methods. In some methods, the plastic is mixed with certain chemicals and pumped through tiny jets into a chemical bath or http://www.answers.com/topic/quench chamber where the plastic http://www.answers.com/topic/coagulate and solidifies into fibers. This is similar to the process used to form polyacrylic textile fibers. In other methods, the plastic mixture is heated and pumped through tiny jets into a chamber where the solvents http://www.answers.com/topic/evaporate, leaving a solid fiber. The spinning step is important because the internal atomic structure of the fiber is formed during this process. * The fibers are then washed and stretched to the desired fiber diameter. The stretching helps align the molecules within the fiber and provides the basis for the formation of the tightly bonded carbon crystals after carbonization. Stabilizing * Before the fibers are carbonized, they need to be chemically altered to convert their linear atomic bonding to a more thermally stable ladder bonding. This is accomplished by heating the fibers in air to about 390-590° F (200-300° C) for 30-120 minutes. This causes the fibers to pick up oxygen molecules from the air and http://www.answers.com/topic/rearrange their atomic bonding pattern. The stabilizing chemical reactions are complex and involve several steps, some of which occur simultaneously. They also generate their own heat, which must be controlled to avoid http://www.answers.com/topic/overheating-2 the fibers. Commercially, the stabilization process uses a variety of equipment and techniques. In some processes, the fibers are drawn through a series of heated chambers. In others, the fibers pass over hot rollers and through beds of loose materials held in suspension by a flow of hot air. Some processes use heated air mixed with certain gases that chemically accelerate the stabilization. Carbonizing * Once the fibers are stabilized, they are heated to a temperature of about 1,830-5,500° F (1,000-3,000° C) for several minutes in a http://www.answers.com/topic/furnace filled with a gas mixture that does not contain oxygen. The lack of oxygen prevents the fibers from burning in the very high temperatures. The gas pressure inside the furnace is kept higher than the outside air pressure and the points where the fibers enter and exit the furnace are sealed to keep oxygen from entering. As the fibers are heated, they begin to lose their non-carbon atoms, plus a few carbon atoms, in the form of various gases including water vapor, http://www.answers.com/topic/ammonia, carbon http://www.answers.com/topic/monoxide, carbon http://www.answers.com/topic/dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, and others. As the non-carbon atoms are expelled, the remaining carbon atoms form tightly bonded carbon crystals that are aligned more or less parallel to the long axis of the fiber. In some processes, two furnaces operating at two different temperatures are used to better control the rate de heating during carbonization. Treating the surface * After carbonizing, the fibers have a surface that does not bond well with the epoxies and other materials used in composite materials. To give the fibers better bonding properties, their surface is slightly oxidized. The addition of oxygen atoms to the surface provides better chemical bonding properties and also etches and roughens the surface for better mechanical bonding properties. Oxidation can be achieved by immersing the fibers in various gases such as air, http://www.answers.com/topic/carbon-dioxide, or http://www.answers.com/topic/ozone; or in various liquids such as http://www.answers.com/topic/sodium-hypochlorite or http://www.answers.com/topic/nitric-acid. The fibers can also be coated http://www.answers.com/topic/electrolytic by making the fibers the positive terminal in a bath filled with various electrically conductive materials. The surface treatment process must be carefully controlled to avoid forming tiny surface defects, such as pits, which could cause fiber failure. Sizing * After the surface treatment, the fibers are coated to protect them from damage during winding or http://www.answers.com/topic/weaving. This process is called sizing. Coating materials are chosen to be compatible with the http://www.answers.com/topic/adhesive used to form composite materials. Typical coating materials include epoxy, http://www.answers.com/topic/polyester, nylon, http://www.answers.com/topic/urethane, and others. * The coated fibers are wound onto cylinders called bobbins. The bobbins are loaded into a spinning machine and the fibers are twisted into yarns of various sizes. w.carb.com.
Is orlon a synthetic polymer?
yes , it is a polyacrylonitrile.
What is the polymer made from acrylonitrile?
Polyacrylonitrile, Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
What is the polymer used in making of car rear lights?
polyacrylonitrile
What is a superabsorbent polymer made of?
Frequently used are polyacrylamide/polyacrylate copolymers, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile etc.
Is silk a polyacronitrile?
Since, according to Wikipedia's definition, "Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a synthetic, semicrystalline organic polymer resin, with the linear formula (C3H3N)n," and since silk is produced by silk worms, the answer must be no.
Is acrylic manmade?
Acrylic is made of a polymer called polyacrylonitrile. In the U.S. acrylic must also contain mostly acrylonitrile monomer. Acrylic fiber is formed by dissolving this polymer into an aqueous solution and then spinning, stretching and drying it into fibers.
Is carbon fiber made from carbon?
Carbon fibre is generally greater than 95% carbon. Carbon fibre is made from a spun material that is very rich in carbon. It is usually a material called Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or sometimes pitch, an oil derivative. These are heated in an inert atmosphere to drive off the other atoms, which leaves a fibre made almost entirely of carbon.
What is made out of carbon fiber?
Any high performance needs from Formula 1 to Propeller blade, but it can also be used in decoration such as in cars and even some laptops are made from carbon fibre. The product is usually very expensive (i.e. a Formula 1 car costs nearly £20m just on it's own from it's components and half of that is the Carbon fibre)
What are the types of polymers?
Polyethylene Polypropylene Polystyrene Poly(vinyl chloride) - (PVC) Polytetrafluoroethylene - (Teflon) Poly(methyl methacrylate) - (Lucite, Plexiglas) Polyacrylonitrile - (Acrilan, Orlon, Creslan) Poly(vinyl acetate) - (PVA) Natural rubber Polychlorprene - (neoprene rubber) Styrene butadiene rubber - (SBR) Polyamides - (nylon) Polyesters - (Dacron, Mylar, Fortrel) Polyesters - (Glyptal resin) Polyesters - (Casting resin) Phenol-formaldehyde - (Bakelite) Cellulose acetate - (cellulose is a polymer of glucose) Silicones Polyurethanes
How do you make Polyacrylonitrile?
Carbon fibre is produced via 2 manufacturing processes: 1- Based on pitch (coal tar and petroleum products) 2- Based on Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) The process involving Polyacrylonitrile will be the main focus in this report. · Acrylonitrile is produced commercially by the process of propylene ammoxidation, in which propylene, ammonia and air are reacted in a fluidized bed in the presence of a catalyst. The steps taken in the process of carbon fibres using Polyacrylonitrile are: 1- Polymerization: This is the first step in the production of carbon fibre, where the precursor (the molecular backbone of the carbon fibre) (acrylonitrile monomer) is mixed with plasticized acrylic commoners and a catalyst in a reactor. By continuously stirring the mixture blending and the formation of free radicals within the acrylonitrile's molecular structure occurs. This change leads to polymerization which is the chemical process that creates long chain polymers than can be formed into acrylic fibres. 2-: Spinning: This step involves Polyacrylonitrile derived from the polymerization of acrylonitrile monomer which is mixed with other ingredients and spun into fibres, which are washed and stretched. 3-: Oxidation : This step involves placing the fibres into ovens heated between 200 and 300 degrees where oxygen molecules from the air combine with the PAN fibres and causes the polymer chains to start crosslinking. This evolves hydrogen from the fibres and adds less volatile oxygen which chemically alters the molecule. The polymer changes from a ladder to a stable ring structure and it's colour changes from white though brown to black. This stepalso increases the fibre density from ~1.18 g/cc to as high as 1.38 g/cc . The resulting material is a textile fibre which is fireproof. 3- Carbonization: When the fibres are stabilized, they are heated to a temperature of about 1,000-3,000° C for several minutes in a furnace filled with a gas mixture that does not contain oxygen (inert atmosphere). The lack of oxygen prevents the fibres from burning in the very high temperatures. The gas pressure inside the furnace is kept higher than the outside air pressure and the points where the fibres enter and exit the furnace are sealed to keep oxygen from entering. As the fibres are heated, they begin to lose their non-carbon atoms, plus a few carbon atoms, in the form of various gases. As the non-carbon atoms are ousted, the remaining carbon atoms form tightly bonded carbon crystals and the fibre is more than 90% carbon. The fibre loses weight and volume, contracts by 5 to 10 precent in length and shrinks in diameter. 4- Surface Treatment: This process involves pulling the fibre through an electrochemical or electrolytic bath that contains solutions. These materials roughen the surface of each filament, which increases the surface area available for interfacial fibre/matrix bonding and adds reactive chemical groups, such as carboxylic acids. This process is important since it helps enhance the adhesion between matrix resin and carbon fibre. Care must be taken during the process to avoid forming tiny surface defects, such as pits, which could cause fibre failure. 5- Sizing: This process involves coating the fibre with epoxy, polyester, or nylon to protect them from damage during winding or weaving.
What is an example of a synthenic polymer?
nylon,A2 As an aside, silk and spiders web would be natural polymers.
Is carbon fiber an Aramid fiber?
They're totally different. Carbon fiber is made by creating yarn from a precursor polymer (polyacrylonitrile and rayon work for this), then heating the yarn until all the non-carbon atoms are driven off. Aramid is short for "aromatic polyamide." A "polyamide," according to Wikipedia, is "a polymer containing monomers of amides joined by peptide bonds." The most common polyamide on the market is nylon. So an aramid is kind of a super-nylon. There are some significant differences between the two. Carbon fiber yarns have no strength across the fiber, so they're always woven into cloth. Aramids have strength in both directions; you can buy Kevlar fishing line. (I don't want to know what kind of a fish you need this for!) Carbon fiber is much lighter than aramid cloth. And neither one of them is good in sunlight.
