What is the history of pipettes and micro-pipettes?

Answer 1

The roots of the automated laboratoryliquid handlingcan be traced back to the increasing focus on analytical laboratory techniques in the late 18th century. Descroizilles, a French chemist and pharmacist, invented and first introduced the buret and pipet to science in 1795. He called his burette a "

berrholli-metere": it was a graduated cylinder. He later described an "alcalimetre," to dispense small volumes of liquids. Not until 1824 did

Gay-Lussac publishthe names "burette" and "pipette" (French, "wine tester"; Ferenc Szabadvdry, Instruments).A major breakthrough in the methodology and popularization of volumetric analysis was achieved by

Karl Friedrich Mohr, who redesigned the burette by placing a clamp and a tip at the bottom. The syringe, on the other hand, was not graduated in its early stages. Early syringes were often made of metal rather than glass to avoid breakage when transported in saddlebags. A patent by Martin Overlach, "resident at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany" (U.S. Patent 404105, 1889), recognized a need for a syringe to house a chamber that didn't leak. Because of their mechanical nature, the syringe provided a "modernizing 'professionalization' tool," wielded by 19th-century doctors.

Answer 2

Pipettes have been used for centuries, with early designs dating back to the late 18th century. The modern micropipette was invented in the 1960s by Warren Gilson and Heinrich Schnitger, leading to precise and accurate liquid handling in laboratories. These instruments revolutionized the field of molecular Biology and have since become essential tools in various scientific disciplines.