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Soot. Which is pure carbon.

Pentane is C5H12 - five carbons, 12 hydrogens. If you set this afire in an atmosphere rich in oxygen, you will get:


C5H12 + xO2 -> 5CO2 + 6H2O


In other words, when you heat this product up enough, all the bonds in it will split; the hydrogens will grab oxygen atoms and form water, and the carbons will grab oxygens and form carbon dioxide. It is highly exothermic, creating not only heat but light - a condition we call a flame.


That's the ideal situation. In reality, you usually DON'T have enough oxygen right there to make everyone happy. You will usually get...


C5H12 + xO2 -> 6H20 + 5CO

5CO + xO2 -> xCO2 + xCO


Hydrogen is the male lion of the chemistry world: it eats first. Hydrogen will form water molecules until all the hydrogen is gone. Next, carbon will first form carbon monoxide. Then carbon monoxide will form carbon dioxide until all the oxygen is gone.


If you are REALLY short on oxygen, you will get:


C5H12 + xO2 -> 6H2O + xCO + xC

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