What is the principle of conductivity?

Answer 1

The common laboratory conductivity meters employ a potentiometric method and four electrodes. Often, the electrodes are cylindrical and arranged concentrically. The electrodes are usually made of platinum metal. An alternating current is applied to the outer pair of the electrodes. The potential between the inner pair is measured. Conductivity could in principle be determined using the distance between the electrodes and their surface area using the Ohm's law but generally, for accuracy, a calibration is employed using electrolytes of well-known conductivity.

Industrial conductivity probes often employ an inductive method, which has the advantage that the fluid does not wet the electrical parts of the sensor. Here, two inductively-coupled coils are used. One is the driving coil producing a magnetic field and it is supplied with accurately-known voltage. The other forms a secondary coil of a transformer. The liquid passing through a channel in the sensor forms one turn in the secondary winding of the transformer. The induced current is the output of the sensor.

Answer 2

Conductivity could in principle be determined using the distance between the electrodes and their surface area using the Ohm's law but generally, for accuracy, a calibration is employed using electrolytes of well-known conductivity.

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You have misunderstood the question, which asked for the principle of conductivity, not how electrical conductivity may be measured.

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Conductivity of a material is that material's specific ability to allow energy - generally electricity, heat or sound / vibration - to pass through it.

Answer 3

An conductivity meter is an instrument that helps measure the electrical conductivity in a solution, which again is a material's ability to conduct an electric current. It finds extensive use in measuring and controlling the amount of nutrients, salts or impurities in the water

Answer 4

The principle of conductometry is a method of monitoring a chemical reaction. By using this principle, one can measure the clectrolytic conductivity during the reaction.