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Gems are mined from the earth in various methods around the planet. These gems are separated from the unwanted material at the mine. The unrefined gems will be then sorted for size and quality, larger stones will be separated out to be treated specially in efforts to maximise value. Stones that are deemed to be of a high enough quality will go on to the gem smith where they will be cut to size according to the type of cut needed. Some of these cutting steps are, planning, and cleaving or sawing, bruting, and polishing.

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