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Usually, for an neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons. If the atom is positively charged, it means that it has lost a certain number of electrons. For example, the Fe atom has 26 protons so 26 electrons in its neutral form. It can turns into Fe2+, in which case it would have lost 2 electrons. The new number of electrons is then 24. On the other side, Cl has 17 protons and 17 electrons. It can turn into Cl-, in which case it has gained one electron, the new number of electron is 18. Be careful, the number of protons does not change, it is the number of electrons.

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