The valence electrons experience the weakest attraction to the nucleus in an atom. This is because they are the outermost electrons and are furthest from the positively charged nucleus, making their attraction relatively weaker compared to the inner electrons.
Helium has the weakest attraction for electrons in a bond with a hydrogen atom because it has only two electrons and a full valence shell, making it stable and less likely to attract additional electrons.
Valence electrons are further away from the nucleus and experience less attraction to the positively charged protons in the nucleus compared to core electrons. This makes valence electrons easier to remove from an atom. Core electrons are located closer to the nucleus and are more strongly attracted to the nucleus, requiring more energy to remove them from the atom.
Group 1 metals, also known as alkali metals, have a strong force of attraction for their valence electrons due to their low ionization energy and large atomic radius. This makes it easy for them to lose their valence electrons and form positively charged ions in order to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Elements like calcium located toward the top of a group have a high attraction for their valence electrons because they have a relatively low atomic size and therefore a stronger effective nuclear charge. This results in a greater tendency for these elements to attract and hold onto their valence electrons.
Barium (Ba) is located towards the bottom of the group because it has more energy levels and shielding effect from inner electrons, leading to decreased attraction for valence electrons. This is due to increased distance from the nucleus and more electron-electron repulsions.
Helium has the weakest attraction for electrons in a bond with a hydrogen atom because it has only two electrons and a full valence shell, making it stable and less likely to attract additional electrons.
Na
Valence electrons are electrons on the outermost shell/orbitals. Sheilding electrons are inner electrons that block valence electrons from protons causing less attraction.
Inner core electrons are electrons that shield attraction between protons and valence electrons.
The force of attraction between the atom's nucleus and its valence electrons are the least. Hence valence electrons are lost easily.
chemical deviation
Valence electrons are further away from the nucleus and experience less attraction to the positively charged protons in the nucleus compared to core electrons. This makes valence electrons easier to remove from an atom. Core electrons are located closer to the nucleus and are more strongly attracted to the nucleus, requiring more energy to remove them from the atom.
The force of attraction by group 1 metals for their valence electrons is weak. This is because group 1 metals have a single valence electron that is loosely held and easily lost to form positive ions.
Metals are held together by metallic bonds. Metallic bonds consist of the attraction of the free-floating valence electrons for the positively charged metal ions. These bonds are the forces of attraction that hold metals together. Metals are made up of closely packed cations rather than neutral atoms. The valence electrons of metal atoms can be modeled as a sea of electrons. The valence electrons are mobile and can drift freely from one part of the metal to another. Metallic bonds consist of the attraction of the free-floating valence electrons for the positively charged metal ions. These bonds are the forces of attraction that hold metals together.
Group 1 metals, also known as alkali metals, have a strong force of attraction for their valence electrons due to their low ionization energy and large atomic radius. This makes it easy for them to lose their valence electrons and form positively charged ions in order to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Elements like calcium located toward the top of a group have a high attraction for their valence electrons because they have a relatively low atomic size and therefore a stronger effective nuclear charge. This results in a greater tendency for these elements to attract and hold onto their valence electrons.
Barium (Ba) is located towards the bottom of the group because it has more energy levels and shielding effect from inner electrons, leading to decreased attraction for valence electrons. This is due to increased distance from the nucleus and more electron-electron repulsions.