The valence electrons experience the weakest attraction to the nucleus in an atom. This is because they are the outermost electrons and are furthest from the positively charged nucleus, making their attraction relatively weaker compared to the inner electrons.
Helium has the weakest attraction for electrons in a bond with a hydrogen atom because it has only two electrons and a full valence shell, making it stable and less likely to attract additional electrons.
Valence electrons are further away from the nucleus and experience less attraction to the positively charged protons in the nucleus compared to core electrons. This makes valence electrons easier to remove from an atom. Core electrons are located closer to the nucleus and are more strongly attracted to the nucleus, requiring more energy to remove them from the atom.
Group 1 metals, also known as alkali metals, have a strong force of attraction for their valence electrons due to their low ionization energy and large atomic radius. This makes it easy for them to lose their valence electrons and form positively charged ions in order to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Elements like calcium located toward the top of a group have a high attraction for their valence electrons because they have a relatively low atomic size and therefore a stronger effective nuclear charge. This results in a greater tendency for these elements to attract and hold onto their valence electrons.
Barium (Ba) is located towards the bottom of the group because it has more energy levels and shielding effect from inner electrons, leading to decreased attraction for valence electrons. This is due to increased distance from the nucleus and more electron-electron repulsions.
Helium has the weakest attraction for electrons in a bond with a hydrogen atom because it has only two electrons and a full valence shell, making it stable and less likely to attract additional electrons.
Na
Valence electrons are electrons on the outermost shell/orbitals. Sheilding electrons are inner electrons that block valence electrons from protons causing less attraction.
Inner core electrons are electrons that shield attraction between protons and valence electrons.
The force of attraction between the atom's nucleus and its valence electrons are the least. Hence valence electrons are lost easily.
Elements like francium, located at the bottom of a group in the periodic table, have a lower attraction for their valence electrons due to increased shielding and greater atomic radius. As additional electron shells are added, the inner electrons repel the outermost electrons, reducing the effective nuclear charge felt by these valence electrons. Consequently, this diminished attraction makes it easier for these elements to lose their valence electrons, resulting in higher reactivity.
chemical deviation
Elements at the bottom of a group in the periodic table have a lower attraction for their valence electrons primarily due to increased atomic size and the shielding effect. As you move down a group, additional electron shells are added, which increases the distance between the nucleus and the valence electrons. This increased distance diminishes the effective nuclear charge experienced by the valence electrons. Additionally, inner electron shells shield the valence electrons from the full effect of the positive charge of the nucleus, further reducing the attraction.
Elements located toward the bottom of a group have a lower attraction for their valence electrons primarily due to increased atomic size and electron shielding. As you move down a group, additional electron shells are added, which increases the distance between the nucleus and the valence electrons. This greater distance, coupled with increased electron shielding from inner electrons, reduces the effective nuclear charge felt by the valence electrons, leading to weaker attraction. Consequently, these elements are more likely to lose their valence electrons in chemical reactions.
Valence electrons are further away from the nucleus and experience less attraction to the positively charged protons in the nucleus compared to core electrons. This makes valence electrons easier to remove from an atom. Core electrons are located closer to the nucleus and are more strongly attracted to the nucleus, requiring more energy to remove them from the atom.
Elements located toward the bottom of a group have a lower attraction for their valence electrons primarily due to increased atomic size and the shielding effect. As you move down a group, additional electron shells are added, which increases the distance between the nucleus and the valence electrons. This greater distance, along with the presence of inner electrons that shield the positive charge of the nucleus, reduces the effective nuclear charge experienced by the valence electrons, leading to weaker attraction.
The force of attraction by group 1 metals for their valence electrons is weak. This is because group 1 metals have a single valence electron that is loosely held and easily lost to form positive ions.