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Fuel grade ethanol can be made by biological or chemical routes.

  • For biologically based ethanol starches or sugars from plants are fermented under anaerobic conditions and the produced ethanol is distilled to the desirable level of purity.
  • For the chemical process, light gases from petroleum is reacted to create ethane or ethylene and an OH- is substituted for one of the hydrogen's in the alkane or inserted into the double bond to make ethanol.
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