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The starting point is to bake limestone to remove the CO2, leaving CaO, and to this some diatomaceous earth is added. Diatomaceous earth is composed of the bodies of silica containing organisms, Diatoms, and they are very finely structured. (Otherwise they'd just use beach sand).

And a little CaSO4, plaster of paris.

So we have a mix of silicates and sulphates and calcium. And they will make many complex minerals.

And the end result for the user is a complex mix of silicates and sulphates all of which take some time to form their crystals which is what makes cement and concrete strong. This is why it is vital that for high strength purposes, the concrete should be kept moist for a period - up to 28 days in some applications.

In some applications, e.g. making concrete pipes and concrete blocks, rather than waiting for the product to gain strength just by setting, these products are steam heated to hurry along the crystal forming process.

late addition. At this moment, proposals are afoot to make cement from Serpentine, which is a magnesium silicate. This is baked to produce MgO, and this is then substituted for the CaO in cement. This then reacts with the other components as usual. BUT does not produce the CO2 into the atmosphere that baking limestone does. AND, in service, the MgO cement will actually absorb some CO2 from the air!. Still produces some CO2 during the baking of course - but only one-half the quantity.

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