In vitro, Temperature, pH and other factors leading to degradation or suboptimal activity affect enzymatic activity. All enzymes are not created equal, each enzyme functions its best at different optimal conditions.
This is the most important concern of Biochemistry, the enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The main factor that lowers the activation energy, is the catalysis. Catalysts act by reducing the activation barrier for the reaction being catalyzed. Thus, a 10-fold rate requires less than the free energy of a typical hydrogen bond; a million-fold rate acceleration occurs only with a small fraction of the energy of most covalent bonds.
Main factor affecting bacteria are temperature, pH, and also concentration of substrate and products
There are a number of compounds that reduces the activity of an enzyme. These include competitive inhibitors, non-competitive inhibitors and uncompetitive inhibitors.
temperature and pH
The shape of the active site is distorted.
The optimum pH for activity of Peroxidase is 5-7 that is about neutral. The Hydrochloric acid reduces the pH and thus inactivates the enzyme with reducing pH.
Denature enzyme activity
Guaicol is used as a substrate for peroxidase activity, when we treat it with enzyme the activity of enzyme increases at a higher rate.
- Inhibition of an enzyme is to inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme. - Because, by blocking or inhibiting an enzyme's activity can kill a pathogen or correct a metabolic imbalance. Example : Inhibition of HIV protease.
The shape of the active site is distorted.
The optimum pH for activity of Peroxidase is 5-7 that is about neutral. The Hydrochloric acid reduces the pH and thus inactivates the enzyme with reducing pH.
The enzyme is inactive at this point. New enzyme must be added to regain enzyme activity
Denature enzyme activity
Physical activity can alter the shape of enzyme which can cause damage or may the enzyme become inactive
In a model of enzyme action, the enzyme can attach only to a substrate (reactant) with a specific shape. The enzyme then changes and reduces the activation energy of the reaction so reactants can become products. The enzyme is unchanged and is available to be used again.
When an enzyme is frozen, it only slows down activity. Unlike boiling an enzyme, it does not stop it from working.
activators; inhibitors
Cold temperatures have a drastic effect on an enzyme's activity level. Cold temperatures usually dramatically slow down an enzyme's activity.
Enzyme activity is affected by other molecules, temperature, chemical environment (e.g., pH), and the concentration of substrate and enzyme. Activators are molecules that encourage enzyme activity, and inhibitors are enzymes that decrease enzyme activity. Sometimes a cofactor is necessary for the enzyme to work.
inhibitor
Enzyme activity increases with temperature, but only up to a point.