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Why does ethanol have a lower melting point than carbon tetrachloride?
Ethanol has weaker intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonding) compared to carbon tetrachloride (London dispersion forces), which results in a lower melting point for ethanol. The hydrogen bonding in ethanol requires less energy to break compared to the London dispersion forces in carbon tetrachloride, leading to an easier transition from solid to liquid state in ethanol.
Why is the boiling point of carbon tetrachloride higher than chloroform?
Both chloroform and carbon tetrachloride have the same tetrahedral molecular geometry - there are 4 atoms attached to a central carbon atom. In chloroform, there are 3 chlorine atoms and 1 hydrogen atom. In carbon tetrachloride, all 4 atoms surrounding the central carbon are chlorine atoms. So the difference between the two is simply replacing the 1 hydrogen atom with another chlorine atom. In essence, by doing this, the density of the compound is increased, due to the increase in mass (remember a chlorine atom has an atomic mass of 35 and hydrogen an atomic mass of 1). The density of chloroform goes from 1.48 g/mL to 1.58 g/mL when you replace chloroform's hydrogen with that chlorine atom. Since there is an increased mass in a given volume (1 mL), it takes just a little more energy (thermal) to get carbon tetrachloride atoms from the liquid state to the gas state, which is why CCl4 has a bp of around 76 (while chloroform's bp was around 62). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Boiling points are based on intermolecular forces. Stronger the forces, lower the vapor pressure, higher the B.pt. Chloroform has mostly dispersion forces and very, very weak dipole-dipole. The reason Carbon tetrachloride has a higher boiling point is because the combined effect of all the dispersion forces are stronger than the intermolecular forces that exist in chloroform. Dispersion forces increase with increasing molecular weight and # of electrons.
Why will ethanol dissolve in water but carbon tetrachloride will not?
Ethanol is polar, and so is water. "Like dissolves like," so those two liquids will be miscible, meaning they will dissolve each other. Carbon tetrachloride, meanwhile, is non-polar. Its intermolecular forces are incompatible with water's, so polar water will not be able to dissolve it.
Why is the boiling point of carbon tetrachloride greater than silicontetrachloride?
tetrahedral molecules will have a better packing if the central atom is smaller than the peripheral ones. hence carbon tetrachloride has better packing and hence a higher boiling point. (this is most probably wrong, but seemed like a only explanation i could think of)
What type of intermolecular forces exist in a hydrocarbon?
Hydrocarbons typically exhibit London dispersion forces as the predominant intermolecular force due to the presence of nonpolar carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. Additionally, larger hydrocarbons can also exhibit weak van der Waals forces. Overall, the intermolecular forces in hydrocarbons are relatively weak compared to compounds with polar covalent bonds.
What type of intermolecular force exists in carbon tetrachloride?
Dispersion forces only, because it's non-polar.
Why does ethanol have a lower melting point than carbon tetrachloride?
Ethanol has weaker intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonding) compared to carbon tetrachloride (London dispersion forces), which results in a lower melting point for ethanol. The hydrogen bonding in ethanol requires less energy to break compared to the London dispersion forces in carbon tetrachloride, leading to an easier transition from solid to liquid state in ethanol.
Are carbon monoxide have no intermolecular forces?
Carbon monoxide does have intermolecular forces. The molecule is polar due to the difference in electronegativity between carbon and oxygen, leading to dipole-dipole interactions. These intermolecular forces contribute to properties such as boiling and melting points.
Why is the boiling point of carbon tetrachloride higher than chloroform?
Both chloroform and carbon tetrachloride have the same tetrahedral molecular geometry - there are 4 atoms attached to a central carbon atom. In chloroform, there are 3 chlorine atoms and 1 hydrogen atom. In carbon tetrachloride, all 4 atoms surrounding the central carbon are chlorine atoms. So the difference between the two is simply replacing the 1 hydrogen atom with another chlorine atom. In essence, by doing this, the density of the compound is increased, due to the increase in mass (remember a chlorine atom has an atomic mass of 35 and hydrogen an atomic mass of 1). The density of chloroform goes from 1.48 g/mL to 1.58 g/mL when you replace chloroform's hydrogen with that chlorine atom. Since there is an increased mass in a given volume (1 mL), it takes just a little more energy (thermal) to get carbon tetrachloride atoms from the liquid state to the gas state, which is why CCl4 has a bp of around 76 (while chloroform's bp was around 62). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Boiling points are based on intermolecular forces. Stronger the forces, lower the vapor pressure, higher the B.pt. Chloroform has mostly dispersion forces and very, very weak dipole-dipole. The reason Carbon tetrachloride has a higher boiling point is because the combined effect of all the dispersion forces are stronger than the intermolecular forces that exist in chloroform. Dispersion forces increase with increasing molecular weight and # of electrons.
Why water is less volatile than carbon tetra chloride?
Water is less volatile than carbon tetrachloride because hydrogen bonding between water molecules leads to stronger intermolecular forces compared to the dispersion forces in carbon tetrachloride. This results in water having a higher boiling point and being less likely to evaporate easily at room temperature.
Why will ethanol dissolve in water but carbon tetrachloride will not?
Ethanol is polar, and so is water. "Like dissolves like," so those two liquids will be miscible, meaning they will dissolve each other. Carbon tetrachloride, meanwhile, is non-polar. Its intermolecular forces are incompatible with water's, so polar water will not be able to dissolve it.
Why is the boiling point of carbon tetrachloride greater than silicontetrachloride?
tetrahedral molecules will have a better packing if the central atom is smaller than the peripheral ones. hence carbon tetrachloride has better packing and hence a higher boiling point. (this is most probably wrong, but seemed like a only explanation i could think of)
Why are carbon tetrachloride is miscisble in water?
Water is a polar solvent and carbon tetrachloride is a non polar compound. The London forces between these two species are not strong enough to keep them mixed.
What type of intermolecular forces exist in a hydrocarbon?
Hydrocarbons typically exhibit London dispersion forces as the predominant intermolecular force due to the presence of nonpolar carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. Additionally, larger hydrocarbons can also exhibit weak van der Waals forces. Overall, the intermolecular forces in hydrocarbons are relatively weak compared to compounds with polar covalent bonds.
What intermolecular forces are present in carbon disulfide?
The intermolecular forces present in carbon disulfide are London dispersion forces. These forces arise from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution that create a slight imbalance of charges, leading to attractions between neighboring molecules. Since carbon disulfide is a nonpolar molecule, it does not have dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding.
What are the intermolecular forces of Carbon tetrabromide?
The intermolecular forces in carbon tetrabromide (CBr4) are primarily London dispersion forces. These are weak forces resulting from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution that induce dipoles in adjacent molecules. There are no hydrogen bonding or dipole-dipole interactions in CBr4 due to its symmetrical tetrahedral structure.
The carbon atoms in organic molecules are bonded to other atoms by what kind of bond?
intermolecular forces.
