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What is the meaning of a negative value for the electron affinity of an atom?
Electron affinity is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Or an energy released by adding an electron to a gaseous atom ( ie, negative quantity). In this case, if an element has a negative Electron Affinity, its indicating that this element is stable than the neutral ones.
Why are electron affinity values for the noble gases endothermic?
Electron affinity values for noble gases are endothermic because these elements have stable electron configurations and do not readily accept additional electrons. This makes it energetically unfavorable for them to gain an extra electron, resulting in a positive electron affinity value.
What is the electron affinity for phosphorus?
The electron affinity for phosphorus is -72 kJ/mol. This value represents the energy released when an electron is added to a neutral phosphorus atom to form a negatively charged ion.
How do you determine electron affinity?
Measure the equilibrium constant for the reaction of thermal electrons with a species at different temperatures. this has been done with an electron capture detector. another way to measure it is to make a negative ion and shine light on it and measure the energy of the electrons removed by this process Dr.Edward Chen
Which has more electron affinity oxygen or chlorine?
Electron affinity of chlorine is far grater than oxygen. For oxygen, its value is 141 KJ/mole whereas for Chlorine, it is 349 KJ/mole. Thus, adding an electron is more favourable in case of a gaseous chlorine atom
Does high value of electron affinity for an atom means that it will gain electron easily?
Yes, that is part of the definition of electron affinity.
What is the electron affinity value and which elements have a zero value?
Electron affinity is the energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom. Elements with a zero electron affinity value include neon, helium, and argon because they have stable electron configurations and do not readily accept additional electrons.
Who has highest value of electron affinity sulphur or oxygen?
Oxygen.
What is the meaning of a negative value for the electron affinity of an atom?
Electron affinity is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Or an energy released by adding an electron to a gaseous atom ( ie, negative quantity). In this case, if an element has a negative Electron Affinity, its indicating that this element is stable than the neutral ones.
Why are electron affinity values for the noble gases endothermic?
Electron affinity values for noble gases are endothermic because these elements have stable electron configurations and do not readily accept additional electrons. This makes it energetically unfavorable for them to gain an extra electron, resulting in a positive electron affinity value.
What is the electron affinity for phosphorus?
The electron affinity for phosphorus is -72 kJ/mol. This value represents the energy released when an electron is added to a neutral phosphorus atom to form a negatively charged ion.
How do you determine electron affinity?
Measure the equilibrium constant for the reaction of thermal electrons with a species at different temperatures. this has been done with an electron capture detector. another way to measure it is to make a negative ion and shine light on it and measure the energy of the electrons removed by this process Dr.Edward Chen
Which has more electron affinity oxygen or chlorine?
Electron affinity of chlorine is far grater than oxygen. For oxygen, its value is 141 KJ/mole whereas for Chlorine, it is 349 KJ/mole. Thus, adding an electron is more favourable in case of a gaseous chlorine atom
Why the value of electron affinity is positive for noble gases?
Noble gases have completely filled orbitals / energy levels. They generally have 8 valence electrons (helium has only 2) and have stable electronic configuration. They will not accept any more electrons and hence they have positive electron affinity.
What elements has the largest electron affinity?
AnswerElectron affinity is the energy released when we add an electron to the outermost orbit of the atom. Halogens are the higher in electron affinity, and chlorine has the higher electron affinity than rest of the halogens. The irregularity in the electron affinity trend between Cl and F is due to the small size of the F atom. Although F definitely has a higher attraction for an electron than Cl (as evidenced by its high electro negativity value), the small size of the F atom means that adding an electron creates significant repulsion. Since electron affinity is an energy measurement, the total energy associated with electron affinity winds up being the energy that is released by the electron binding to the nucleus, minus the energy involved in overcoming the electrical repulsion in the outer shell.This makes the fluoride anion so formed unstable due to a very high charge/mass ratio. Also, fluorine has no d electrons which limits its atomic size. As a result, fluorine has an electron affinity less than that of chlorine.
Why electron affinity value of IIA group less than those if IIA?
The electron affinity values of Group IIA (alkaline earth metals) are generally lower than those of Group IIA (halogens) due to their electron configurations. Group IIA elements have a filled s subshell, making it energetically unfavorable to gain an additional electron, as they prefer to lose electrons to achieve a stable noble gas configuration. In contrast, Group IIA elements have higher electron affinity values because they have a strong tendency to gain an electron to complete their p subshell, leading to greater stability. Thus, the difference in electron affinity reflects the distinct chemical behaviors and stability preferences of these groups.
Why sulphur have higher negative electron affinity than oxygen?
Due to small size and high electron density of oxygen compared to sulphur, interelectronic repulsion is higher in oxygen, resulting in less energy being released when an electron is added to oxygen, due to lesser stability after electron is added, which is due to the interelectronic repulsion in the small oxygen atom. Hence electron affinity value is lower. It is an abnormality and exception to the general periodic trend of electronic affinity values.
