Mg 2+
This cation has already donated it's valence shell and would require that core electrons be pulled by a large ionization energy.
Electrons are attracted to the nucleus of the atom of which they are a part; this is because of the electrostatic force between the negatively charged electron and the positively charged nucleus. Therefore it takes energy in order to pull an electron farther away from the nucleus and to enable it to remain at a greater distance. This is exactly the same phenomenon as raising a heavy object such as, let us say, a bowling ball, to a greater elevation. It takes energy to do it, since you have to overcome the force of gravity.
THis is the energy required to remove(ionise) one (the first) outer most electron. For nitrogen this would be quite a large figure, because nitrogen, wants to accept electrons ,rather than remove electrons. As a general rule as you go along any given period, the ionisation energies increase. There are two 'humps', with a slight fall in ionisation energiers in this general increase.
No. When you excite an atom, you just do something with the electrons within the atom. (You take them into higher energy levels.) An atom can be ionized only when it is charged, you would have to remove or add an electron. But you are only placing the electron on higher energy level, so it stays within the atom, therefore atom is not ionized.
Any electron is not fixed to any sub-shell or orbital. If you provide sufficient energy to an electron, it would make transition to any of the higher energy orbitals and then come back to the lower orbitals radiating energy.
N=2 To N=1 The greatest energy change comes between the lower energy levels.
This is an electron situated on the outermost level.
The 3s.
Core electrons. Probably the 1s level would require the most ionization energy to pull these electrons.
n=1to n=2
yes, the potato would be the hgh energy electron
Electrons are attracted to the positive charge on the nucleus. The further an electron is found from the nucleus of an atom, the lower the force of attraction between it and the nucleus. Therefore an electron far away from the nucleus (like a valence electron) will have less of an attraction to the nucleus than one close to it. A lower attraction to the nucleus translates into the fact that less energy would then be required to remove the electron from the vicinity of that nucleus.
magnesium has a 2 valence electrons. because the third electron is not a valence electron, or in the outer shell, much more energy would be needed to remove it
Electrons are attracted to the nucleus of the atom of which they are a part; this is because of the electrostatic force between the negatively charged electron and the positively charged nucleus. Therefore it takes energy in order to pull an electron farther away from the nucleus and to enable it to remain at a greater distance. This is exactly the same phenomenon as raising a heavy object such as, let us say, a bowling ball, to a greater elevation. It takes energy to do it, since you have to overcome the force of gravity.
The atom would have to absorb energy.
You can remove energy from the matter by lowering its temperature.
oxygen
All electron shells represent an energy level - it doesn't matter if its the outermost shell or not. In order for there to be a release of energy the electron has to be coming from a higher energy state. The only energy state higher than the outer-most electron shell would be a free electron. The only way an electron becomes a free electron is that sufficient was provided to lift it from what-ever electron shell (energy level) it was previously in to escape velocity. The energy that it then releases in returning is then this exact same amount of energy.