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An ion is produced when an atom or a molecule loses or gains electric charge, which is losing or gaining electrons, starting with the outer most level of the electron cloud, which is the most unstable.

Ions differentiate into anions and cations. Anions are those which gained electrons and are negatively charged, while cations are those which lost electrons and are positively charged.

Anions and cations combine with each other to form stable molecules and new substances.

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