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When atoms lose or gain or share electrons from or to or with their valance shells ionic bonds are formed.
Ionic bonds for when two ions become attracted to each other through electrostatic force. The objective for an Ion is to obtain the electron configuration of a noble gas.

For example... Na (sodium - has a charge of -1 meaning it has one more electron than a noble gas) and Cl (chlorine - has a charge of +1 meaning it has one less electron than a noble gas)

So Na needs to lose an electron, but Cl needs to gain one. So when they are combined, Na shares and electron with Cl and then Na loses the electron to obtain a noble gas configuration and Cl gains an electron to obtain a noble gas electron configuration.

In short... electrostatic force pulls together two ions to create an ionic bond because one ions has too many electrons and the other ion has too few electrons.

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