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It arises from the internal energy of the nucleus, called the binding energy. In the case of light elements, joining two light nuclei to make a heavier one releases energy, because the binding energy changes. In the case of the heavy elements like uranium, splitting the nucleus into two smaller parts also releases energy, for the same reason. In both cases the end result loses a proportion of the initial mass of the nuclei concerned, and this loss of mass equates to the energy released via Einstein's equation E = mc2.

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