Induced dipole forced
The intermolecular force between BF3 molecules in liquid state is London dispersion forces. This is because BF3 is a nonpolar molecule and London dispersion forces are the primary intermolecular force among nonpolar molecules.
The intermolecular force in BF3 is London dispersion forces. This is because BF3 is a nonpolar molecule, so the only intermolecular force it experiences is the temporary weak attraction between temporary dipoles.
The intermolecular force in boron trichloride is London dispersion forces. Boron trichloride is a nonpolar molecule, so it only exhibits weak London dispersion forces between its molecules.
The intermolecular force of ClF is dipole-dipole interaction. This is because ClF is a polar molecule, with a significant difference in electronegativity between chlorine and fluorine causing a partial positive and partial negative charge, leading to attraction between the molecules.
The intermolecular force of toluene is primarily London dispersion forces, which are weak attractions between temporary dipoles in molecules. Toluene, being a nonpolar molecule, experiences these forces due to the momentary fluctuations in electron distribution.
The intermolecular force between BF3 molecules in liquid state is London dispersion forces. This is because BF3 is a nonpolar molecule and London dispersion forces are the primary intermolecular force among nonpolar molecules.
The intermolecular force in BF3 is London dispersion forces. This is because BF3 is a nonpolar molecule, so the only intermolecular force it experiences is the temporary weak attraction between temporary dipoles.
The intermolecular force in boron trichloride is London dispersion forces. Boron trichloride is a nonpolar molecule, so it only exhibits weak London dispersion forces between its molecules.
The intermolecular force of ClF is dipole-dipole interaction. This is because ClF is a polar molecule, with a significant difference in electronegativity between chlorine and fluorine causing a partial positive and partial negative charge, leading to attraction between the molecules.
Substances that exhibit dipole-dipole interactions as their predominant intermolecular force are typically polar molecules. Examples include hydrogen chloride (HCl), acetone (C₃H₆O), and formaldehyde (CH₂O). These molecules possess permanent dipoles due to differences in electronegativity between their constituent atoms, leading to attractions between the positive end of one molecule and the negative end of another. Nonpolar substances, on the other hand, primarily exhibit London dispersion forces.
The stronger intermolecular force between CO2 (carbon dioxide) and COS (carbonyl sulfide) is found in COS. While CO2 is a nonpolar molecule and primarily exhibits London dispersion forces, COS is polar and can engage in dipole-dipole interactions in addition to dispersion forces. The presence of a polar bond in COS contributes to stronger intermolecular attractions compared to the nonpolar CO2.
In carbon tetrafluoride (CF4), the predominant intermolecular force is London dispersion forces, which are a type of van der Waals force. Although CF4 is a nonpolar molecule due to its symmetrical tetrahedral shape, these weak dispersion forces arise from temporary dipoles that occur when electron distributions fluctuate. Since CF4 does not exhibit dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding, London dispersion forces are the primary attractive forces between CF4 molecules.
The predominant intermolecular force in ammonia (NH3) is hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding occurs between the hydrogen atom of one ammonia molecule and the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of another ammonia molecule. This results in relatively strong interactions between the molecules.
The intermolecular force of toluene is primarily London dispersion forces, which are weak attractions between temporary dipoles in molecules. Toluene, being a nonpolar molecule, experiences these forces due to the momentary fluctuations in electron distribution.
The predominant type of intermolecular force in OF2 is dipole-dipole interactions. This is because OF2 is a polar molecule due to the difference in electronegativity between oxygen and fluorine atoms, creating partial positive and negative charges that allow for dipole-dipole interactions between molecules.
Dipole-dipole interactions are common to all polar molecules but not nonpolar molecules. This force results from the attraction between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.
Dipole forces and London forces are present between these molecules.