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There factors include:

-Ionic strength

The number of ions and charges present affect the ion activity coefficient and hence the activity of charges species in the solution

-Dilution of buffer with water

The pH will change and this will affect the ion activity coefficient. The activity of charges species in the solution is hence affected since water itself can act as an acid or base.

-Temperature

The effect of temperature on weak acids and its conjugate base as a buffer is small due to small changes in its ionization constant Ka as a function of the temperature. As for a weak base and its conjugate acid, the pH is constant only if the temperature is constant. If the temperature fluctuates, the pH changes according to the changes in pKw for water and pKw is very susceptible to temperature changes.

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8y ago

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