The unit is joule (J).
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Kilograms are mass units, Joules are energy units. You could use Einstein's energy-mass equivalence and multiply the mass (in kg) by the speed of light (in m/s) squared; that would give you the energy equivalent in Joules of a given mass.
The energy transfer within the system (between the water and the lead sinker) must obey the first law of thermodynamics. Meaning, "...that energy can not be created or destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another or transferred from one body to another, but the total amount of energy remains constant (the same)." So due to the conservation of energy, the heat lost by the lead sinker is transferred to the water in equal amounts. We must assume here that the experiment is well controlled and there are negligible sources of heat transfer from unintended external sources.
by the laws of thermodynamics, nothing can ever reach absolute zero. Theoretically, molecular motion would stop. They would still be molecules, they would just not move.
None of them Chemical energy stored in the battery is converted into Electrical (with some heat / thermal 'wasted'). However if you recharge a battery you would get electrical to Chemical.
The first law of thermodynamics states that the energy of an isolated system is constant.
There are no "following" units, but I would use metres.
50 units
Yes. There are no known exceptions - otherwise it would not be considered a law
The study of energy would be a specialty within the field of physics, which encompasses matter, energy, space, and time.
It is the idea of a machine continuously producing energy, without energy input - or producing more energy than what is put into the machine. This would violate the First Law of Thermodynamics (conservation of energy), and in general, it is not believed to be possible. No process is known which violates the conservation of energy. (A "perpetual motion machine of the second kind" would violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics; this is generally believed to be impossible, too.)
because partly will be emissed to the environment, which cant be reused. For more information refer to sustainability studies, which are looking, among other things, how heat directed to the environment can be minimised
I can't answer that but I have asked myself this question; how can you get out more energy than you put in?
That would be the First Law of Thermodynamics
The 2nd law of thermodynamics can yield predictions on the maximum efficiency of a process that seeks to extract useful energy. An example would be the Carnot cycle which gives the maximum percent of energy that can be harvested and turned into useful work as heat moves from a heat source to a heat sink.
An oversimplification of the second law of thermodynamics would state, "Everything cools down." Then the nature of living things would be the need to add energy to counter this cooling down. Humans add this energy by eating food and combining it with oxygen. Thus, the food and oxygen produces energy that can be lost to entropy.
Quite simply, that would violate the law of conservation of energy - a.k.a. the First Law of Thermodynamics. No exception has been found so far for this law. This would be like trying to get something out of nothing; the total amount of energy has been found to be constant - no exceptions.Quite simply, that would violate the law of conservation of energy - a.k.a. the First Law of Thermodynamics. No exception has been found so far for this law. This would be like trying to get something out of nothing; the total amount of energy has been found to be constant - no exceptions.Quite simply, that would violate the law of conservation of energy - a.k.a. the First Law of Thermodynamics. No exception has been found so far for this law. This would be like trying to get something out of nothing; the total amount of energy has been found to be constant - no exceptions.Quite simply, that would violate the law of conservation of energy - a.k.a. the First Law of Thermodynamics. No exception has been found so far for this law. This would be like trying to get something out of nothing; the total amount of energy has been found to be constant - no exceptions.