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There are many types of bonds that can occur. As a summary:

Covalent bonds occur when electrons are shared. These are called polar covalent bonds when the electrons are shared between nuclei unequally. Example: methane, CH4; oxygen, O2.

Ionic bonds occur when there is no sharing of electrons, one nucleus has the major if not entire electron and the other nucleus loses it. Example: sodium chloride, NaCl.

There also metallic bonds in metals; van der Waal or dispersion forces between molecules or atoms; hydrogen bonding between molecules; and polar-polar interactions.

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