Who stated that electrons move around the nucleus?

Answer 1

This is a very complex and interesting question, and it has kept scientists busy for a long time. As you mentioned, an atom has a central heavy part, or nucleus, around which electrons orbit, like the planets around the sun. But why do they orbit it? The first important thing to know is that electrons have an electrical charge. Electrons are negatively charged, while the nucleus is positively charged. You may have heard the phrase "opposites attract"; well this is certainly true for charges. An electron is pulled toward the nucleus by the electric force, just like planets are pulled to the sun by gravity.

OK, but why does the electron orbit, instead of just being pulled toward the nucleus and crashing into it? Think of it this way. Imagine you are coasting along on a skateboard at a constant speed, and you see something to your right that you are attracted to (maybe another boy or girl). You start to turn towards them, but your forward your motion will carry you past them. If the conditions are right, you'll keep turning, but your forward motion will keep making you miss them. You'll just circle them, always turning toward them, but never getting there. It's like that for the electrons (and planets, for that matter). They can't slow down, so they just keep turning and overshooting, forever circling the object of their desire. (Of course with a skateboard, you'll start to slow down, and you can spiral in to the object). This is only a tiny part of the story and it raises many further questions. Why is there an electrical attraction? What makes up the nucleus? Why doesn't the electron slowly lose speed and spiral down? Why is an electron moving in the first place? It is the way of science that every answered question leads to yet more questions!

but i dont know who found out about this sorry=(