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A requirement of the gel is that it is neutral and that included the absence of charged impurities. If the gel contains any charged groups then an effect known as electroendosmosis will take place.

As these charged groups are immobilised onto the gel they cause a solvent flow towards one of the electrodes, usually the cathode (negative) and thus in opposition to the sample flow.

This is obviously undesirable as this will slow down and may distort the migration of the samples reducing resolution which can compromise quantitative accuracy and precision.

Operation at extremes of pH to minimize these problems is useful in special cases but is not a general strategy for protein separations

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