to help investorsto help investors determine the likelihood of debt repayment a+
Municipal bonds are issued by local governments (town/village, city, county), agencies of the local government, or quasi-independent agencies of the local government.
In bond valuations there are more quantifiable attributes to be used than in stock valuations. For bonds, you have predetermined cash payments, exact maturity or call date, and assessments from rating agencies with respect to insolvency risks. In stocks, there is no maturity, dividends change or are nonexistent, and earnings very over time. This is why mathematical discounted cash flow models work better for bonds than for stocks. Analysts, however, use these models for both. For stocks probaly the most commonly used method is comparison of Price to Earnings ratios among comparable companies.
Bonds on Bonds was created in 2006.
The duration of Bonds on Bonds is 1800.0 seconds.
Bonds on Bonds ended on 2006-05-30.
Changing of rating, in and of itself, will not affect the yield, but more generally, a more negative market view will see the yield rise and the price fall.
Rating agencies
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High yield corporate bonds are issued by organizations that do not qualify for investment-grade ratings by credit rating agencies. These bonds are sold to raise capital for various purposes. The issuer agrees to pay interest and also return the face value of the bond.
The key purpose of credit rating agencies is to assign a rating to businesses and entities that issue certain types of debt. These rating help to determine the credit worthiness of these establishments.
likelihood rating
there are 7 credit rating agencies in INDIA
SEBI
A credit rating evaluates the credit worthiness of an issuer of specific types of debt, specifically, debt issued by a business enterprise such as a corporation or a government. It is an evaluation made by credit rating agency of the debt issuers likelihood of default Credit ratings are determined by credit ratings agencies. The credit rating represents the credit rating agency's evaluation of qualitative and quantitative information for a company or government; including non-public information obtained by the credit rating agencies analysts. Credit ratings are not based on mathematical formulas. Instead, credit rating agencies use their judgment and experience in determining what public and private information should be considered in giving a rating to a particular company or government. The credit rating is used by individuals and entities that purchase the bonds issued by companies and governments to determine the likelihood that the government will pay its bond obligations.
They are based on current information furnished by the insurance company or obtained by S& P from sources it considers reliable.
Bonds that are designated 'AAA' are bonds that have been reviewed by a credit rating agency and found to be of the highest quality. Moody's and Standard and Poor are both reputable rating firms.
Municipal bonds are issued by local governments (town/village, city, county), agencies of the local government, or quasi-independent agencies of the local government.